SynthesisThe Canadian journal of cardiology2008
Reporting on sex-based analysis in clinical trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker efficacy.
Synthesis in The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Sex-based differences in left ventricular mass reduction across angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction.Heart and vessels · 2025Trial
- Differential Sex-Specific Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy on Arterial Function in Hypertension: CALIBREX Trial.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Trial
- Blood Levels of Angiotensinogen and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Novel Advances in Our Understanding of Sex-Dependent Control of Blood Pressure.Annual review of physiology · 2026Review
- Sex-specific modulation of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels in the renal artery of hypertensive rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The relationship between estrogen and renin angiotensin system components in the context of hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Review
- Postoperative angiotensin II receptor blocker use is associated with reduced 2-year reoperation rates in male patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.JSES international · 2025Article
- Increased absorptive transcytosis and tight junction weakness in heart failure are equally corrected by exercise training and losartan.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Striatin Gene Variants Are Associated With Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure by Mechanisms That Differ in Women and Men.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Efficacy of fosinopril and amlodipine in pediatric primary hypertension: a single-center observational study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its roles in hypertension, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Influence of sex on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system metabolites and enzymes in Doberman Pinschers.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Sex differences in hypertension. Do we need a sex-specific guideline?Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the CRIC Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and smoking: What is the association? A brief review.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Presentation of Paediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Lagos, Nigeria.International journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular actions of the renin-angiotensin system.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2020Review
- Is Sex a Determinant of COVID-19 Infection? Truth or Myth?Current hypertension reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical practice recommendations for hypertension do not make recommendations specific to men or women. However, the sex hormones appear to modulate differently the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure. Today, little is known about the effects of sex on the efficacy of therapies that antagonize the RAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).
objectiveTo identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of ACEIs and ARBs in preventing major cardiovascular outcomes, determine what proportion of the trial participants were female, and evaluate whether there was any evidence of a sex difference in the efficacy of these agents.
methodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials that used either ACEIs or ARBs for the treatment of hypertension.
resultsThirteen ACEI trials and nine ARB trials were identified. Sex-specific outcome data were available in six of the ACEI trials and three of the ARB trials. These trials enrolled 74,105 patients; 39.1% were women. Seven of the nine trials indicated that ACEIs or ARBs may be slightly more beneficial in men. The magnitude of these differences, in most trials, was small.
conclusionsSex-specific data are reported in 43% of large hypertension clinical trials. Review of the trials reporting sex-specific effect sizes indicates that ACEIs and ARBs may be more effective in men.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.