The 2008 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations: the scientific summary -- an annual update.

The present paper summarizes and highlights key messages of the 2008 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. The 2008 recommendations emphasize proper self-measurement of blood pressure as a step toward greater patient involvement in hypertension management. Home measurement is a better predictor of cardiovascular events than office measures; it can also confirm the diagnosis of hypertension, improve blood pressure control, reduce the need for medications in some patients, screen for white coat and masked hypertension, and improve medication adherence in nonadherent patients. The recommendations continue to emphasize the importance of reducing dietary sodium and implementing other lifestyle changes to prevent and control hypertension. Furthermore, regular assessment of blood pressure at all appropriate visits and identification and management of all cardiovascular risk factures continue to be the cornerstone of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. Most of the new evidence in 2008 confirmed previous Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations. A notable new recommendation is the option to initiate pharmacotherapy with two first therapies if blood pressure is higher than 20/10 mmHg above target. Recently, the Ontario Blood Pressure survey found the treatment and control rate of hypertension in Ontario to be far higher than anywhere else in the world. This speaks to the success of primary care and the Canadian health system in diagnosing, treating and controlling hypertension.