ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2008
Vaccines to prevent pneumonia and improve child survival.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic evaluation of community acquired pneumonia management strategies: A systematic review of literature.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- The Developmental Origins of Asthma and COPD.Annual review of physiology · 2026Review
- Risk Factors and Predictors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Sana'a City, Yemen: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Data-driven machine learning algorithm model for pneumonia prediction and determinant factor stratification among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mathematical modeling and estimation of physicochemical characteristics of pneumonia treatment drugs through a novel approachFrontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Enhancing vaccination strategies for epidemic control through effective lockdown measures.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on outcomes and mortality of under-five years children with pneumonia: a study from Upper Egypt.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Identifying risk of death in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Vaccination following the expanded programme on immunization schedule could help to reduce deaths in children under five hospitalized for pneumonia and severe pneumonia in a developing country.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pediatric pneumonia confirmed by ultrasound: a matched case-control study.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Risk factors for childhood pneumonia: a case-control study in a high prevalence area in Indonesia.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- No Evidence of Acute Dengue Virus Infections at a Rural Site in Western Kenya, 2011 and 2013.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Clinical profile of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children aged 2-60 months: An observational study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Understanding key drivers and barriers to implementation of the WHO recommendations for the case management of childhood pneumonia and possible serious bacterial infection with amoxicillin dispersible tablets (DT) in Bangladesh: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics reveal new therapeutic targets againstRoyal Society open science · 2019Article
- Parasitic infections during pregnancy need not affect infant antibody responses to early vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria, or Haemophilus influenzae type B.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- An exploration of mortality risk factors in non-severe pneumonia in children using clinical data from Kenya.BMC medicine · 2017Article
- Zinc supplementation for pediatric pneumonia.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2017Article
- Clinico-Aetiological Study of Severe and Very Severe Pneumonia in Two Months to Five Years Children in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Odisha, India.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2017Article
- Vaccines to prevent pneumonia in children - a developing country perspective.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For more than 30 years, vaccines have played an important part in pneumonia prevention. Recent advances have created opportunities for further improving child survival through prevention of childhood pneumonia by vaccination. Maximizing routine immunization with pertussis and measles vaccines, coupled with provision of a second opportunity for measles immunization, has rapidly reduced childhood deaths in low-income countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines against the two leading bacterial causes of child pneumonia deaths, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), can further improve child survival by preventing about 1,075,000 child deaths per year. Both Hib and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have proven safety and effectiveness for prevention of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children, including in low-income and industrializing countries. Both are recommended by WHO for inclusion in national programmes, and, at sharply tiered prices, these vaccines generally meet international criteria of cost-effectiveness for low-income countries. Vaccines only target selected pneumonia pathogens and are less than 100% effective, so they must be complemented by curative care and other preventative strategies. As part of a comprehensive child survival package, the particular advantages of vaccines include the ability to reach a high proportion of all children, including those who are difficult to reach with curative health services, and the ability to rapidly scale up coverage with new vaccines. In this review, we discuss advances made in optimizing the use of established vaccines and the potential issues related to newer bacterial conjugate vaccines in reducing childhood pneumonia morbidity and mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.