ReviewBulletin of the World Health Organization2008
Challenges to improving case management of childhood pneumonia at health facilities in resource-limited settings.
Review in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03870243 (Feasibility and Acceptability Followed by Effectiveness of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility and Acceptability Followed by Effectiveness of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) for Treatment of Children Aged 1-59 Months With Severe Pneumonia in Ethiopia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evidence of and deaths from malaria and severe pneumonia co-infections in malaria-endemic areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Short-course versus long-course intravenous therapy with the same antibiotic for severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged two months to 59 months.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- An evaluation of oxygen systems for treatment of childhood pneumonia.BMC public health · 2011Pooled it
- The effect of case management on childhood pneumonia mortality in developing countries.International journal of epidemiology · 2010Pooled it
- Recommendations for treatment of childhood non-severe pneumonia.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2009Guideline
- Trial
- Factors associated with community acquired severe pneumonia among under five children in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A case control analysis.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Bubble continuous positive airway pressure for children with high-risk conditions and severe pneumonia in Malawi: an open label, randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2019Trial
- Effect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2016Trial
- Impact of community management of fever (using antimalarials with or without antibiotics) on childhood mortality: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Ghana.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2012Trial
- Prediction of In-Hospital Respiratory Support Among Children Aged 2-59 Months Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Southern Vietnam: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Recovery Rate of Children From Pneumonia and Its Predictors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Pre-Hospital Pulse-Oximetry and Supplemental Oxygen Utilization in Malawi: An Exploratory Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Assessing the Risk of Antibiotic Resistance in Childhood Pneumonia: A Hospital-Based Study in Bangladesh.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children admitted to adult intensive care and high-dependency units in Kenya: a multicenter registry-based analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Could lung ultrasound be a valid alternative to ionizing radiation or a complementary diagnostic choice in pediatric respiratory diseases?Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Clinical predictors of hypoxic pneumonia in children from the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: secondary analysis of two prospective observational studies.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Oxygen Therapy in Children Under Five Years of Age with Respiratory Distress in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical algorithm reduces antibiotic use among children presenting with respiratory symptoms to hospital in central Vietnam.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Article
- Pathogens associated with hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in rural Ghana: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Effective case management is an important strategy to reduce pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality in children. Guidelines based on sound evidence are available but are used variably. This review outlines current guidelines for childhood pneumonia management in the setting where most child pneumonia deaths occur and identifies challenges for improved management in a variety of settings and different "at-risk" groups. These include appropriate choice of antibiotic, clinical overlap with other conditions, prompt and appropriate referral for inpatient care, and management of treatment failure. Management of neonates, and of HIV-infected or severely malnourished children is more complicated. The influence of co-morbidities on pneumonia outcome means that pneumonia case management must be integrated within strategies to improve overall paediatric care. The greatest potential for reducing pneumonia-related deaths in health facilities is wider implementation of the current guidelines built around a few core activities: training, antibiotics and oxygen. This requires investment in human resources and in equipment for the optimal management of hypoxaemia. It is important to provide data from a variety of epidemiological settings for formal cost-effectiveness analyses. Improvements in the quality of case management of pneumonia can be a vehicle for overall improvements in child health-care practices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.