ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2008
Neutrophil secondary necrosis is induced by LL-37 derived from cathelicidin.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apoptosis Modulation by LL-37: From Mitochondrial Cell Death to Prosurvival Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Building Blocks of 2,3-Diaminopropionic Acid Functionalized with an Oxa-Acid Spacer Shift the Functional Profile of Human Cathelicidin LL-37: Enhanced Enzymatic Stability and Selective Suppression of Neutrophil Degranulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Age Matters: Key Contributors to Interferon Toxicity in Infants During Influenza Virus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Human antimicrobial/host defense peptide LL-37 may prevent the spread of a local infection through multiple mechanisms: an update.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- How Do ROS Induce NETosis? Oxidative DNA Damage, DNA Repair, and Chromatin Decondensation.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Complexation of fungal extracellular nucleic acids by host LL-37 peptide shapes neutrophil response toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Regulation of LL-37 in Bone and Periodontium Regeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cytocompatibility and Synergy of EGCG and Cationic Peptides Against Bacteria Related to Endodontic Infections, in Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2021Article
- Old Polyanionic Drug Suramin Suppresses Detrimental Cytotoxicity of the Host Defense Peptide LL-37.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- CXCR2 specific endocytosis of immunomodulatory peptide LL-37 in human monocytes and formation of LL-37 positive large vesicles in differentiated monoosteophils.Bone reports · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2020Review
- Significance of LL-37 on Immunomodulation and Disease Outcome.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- Cathelicidins: Immunomodulatory Antimicrobials.Vaccines · 2018Review
- Probing the disparate effects of arginine and lysine residues on antimicrobial peptide/bilayer association.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2017Article
- Why are Functional Amyloids Non-Toxic in Humans?Biomolecules · 2017Review
- Local Sustained Delivery of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 for Production of Antimicrobial Peptides.Pharmaceutical research · 2015Article
- Inactivation of the antifungal and immunomodulatory properties of human cathelicidin LL-37 by aspartic proteases produced by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Cathelicidin impact on inflammatory cells.Central-European journal of immunology · 2015Review
- The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 alters human osteoblast Ca2+ handling and induces Ca2+-independent apoptosis.Journal of innate immunity · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most common granulocyte subtype present in blood. The short half-life of circulating neutrophils is regulated by spontaneous apoptosis, and tissue infiltrating neutrophils die by apoptosis and secondary necrosis. The mechanism of neutrophil apoptosis has been the subject of many studies; however, the mechanism of neutrophil secondary necrosis is less clear. Human cathelicidin cationic peptide 18, proteolytically processed to its active form, LL-37, is secreted by neutrophils and epithelial cells and shown to have effects in addition to bacterial lysis. We demonstrate here that LL-37 affects neutrophil lifespan by the pathway of secondary necrosis, rapidly converting annexin V-positive (AV(+)), propidium iodide-negative (PI(-); apoptotic) cells into PI(+) (necrotic) cells with the release of IL-8, IL-1R antagonist, ATP, and intact granules. The effects of LL-37 on apoptotic neutrophils are neither energy-dependent nor affected by pretreatment with G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and LPS and are partially inhibited by human serum. Moreover, LL-37 decreases CXCR2 expression of AV(-)PI(-) (live) neutrophils, suggesting an effect on the neutrophil response to its chemotactic factors, including IL-8. Thus, the lifespan and inflammatory functions of neutrophils are directly affected by LL-37.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.