ArticleMicrobiology (Reading, England)2008
Evolutionary dominance of holin lysis systems derives from superior genetic malleability.
Article in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inferring single-cell heterogeneity of bacteriophage lysis-associated life-history traits from population-scale dynamics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Host Range Breadth Correlates with Genic Diversity in Honeybee Phages.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- NewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Single-Cell Approach Reveals Intercellular Heterogeneity in Phage-Producing Capacities.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Topological examination of the bacteriophage lambda S holin by EPR spectroscopy.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2023Article
- Endolysin Regulation in Phage Mu Lysis.mBio · 2022Article
- Article
- Phage-encoded cationic antimicrobial peptide required for lysis.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Phage Lysis: Multiple Genes for Multiple Barriers.Advances in virus research · 2019Review
- Genomic characterization of three novel Basilisk-like phages infecting Bacillus anthracis.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Genetically Determined Variation in Lysis Time Variance in the Bacteriophage φX174.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2016Article
- Stable micron-scale holes are a general feature of canonical holins.Molecular microbiology · 2014Article
- Phage lysis: do we have the hole story yet?Current opinion in microbiology · 2013Review
- Minimal requirements for inhibition of MraY by lysis protein E from bacteriophage ΦX174.Molecular microbiology · 2012Article
- Protein determinants of phage T4 lysis inhibition.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2012Article
- A common, non-optimal phenotypic endpoint in experimental adaptations of bacteriophage lysis time.BMC evolutionary biology · 2012Article
- Active Bax and Bak are functional holins.Genes & development · 2011Article
- Holin triggering in real time.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2011Article
- Sustainability of virulence in a phage-bacterial ecosystem.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Purification and functional characterization of phiX174 lysis protein E.Biochemistry · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For the microviruses and the leviviruses, bacteriophages with small single-stranded genomes, host lysis is accomplished by expression of a single gene that encodes an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. In contrast, phages with double-stranded DNA genomes use a more complex system involving, at minimum, an endolysin, which degrades peptidoglycan, and a holin, which permeabilizes the membrane in a temporally programmed manner. To explore the basis of this difference, a chimera was created in which lysis gene E of the microvirus phiX174 replaced the entire lysis cassette of phage lambda, which includes the holin gene S and the endolysin gene R. The chimeric phage was viable but more variability was observed both in the distribution of plaque sizes and in the burst sizes of single cells, compared to the isogenic S(+) parent. Using different alleles of E, it was found the average burst size increased with the duration of the latent period, just as observed with S alleles with different lysis times. Moreover, within a set of missense E alleles, it was found that variability in lysis timing was limited and almost exclusively derived from changes in the level of E accumulation. By contrast, missense mutations in S resulted in a wide variation in lysis times that was not correlated with levels of accumulation. We suggest that the properties of greater phenotypic plasticity and lesser phenotypic variation make the function of holin proteins more genetically malleable, facilitating rapid adaptation towards a lysis time that would be optimal for changed host and environmental conditions. The inferior malleability of single-gene systems like E would restrict their occurrence to phages in which coding capacity is the overriding evolutionary constraint.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.