ArticlePloS one2008
Quantitative effect of suboptimal codon usage on translational efficiency of mRNA encoding HIV-1 gag in intact T cells.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgene sequence codon optimization and composition determines replication competence of self-amplifying RNA.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Stoichiometry-induced differential selection on codon optimization among ribosomal protein genes in bacterial species.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Evolution of Translational Machinery in Fast- and Slow-Growing Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Differential Selection for Translation Efficiency Shapes Translation Machineries in Bacterial Species.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The clinical impact of mRNA therapeutics in the treatment of cancers, infections, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases.Heliyon · 2024Review
- CHIKV infection reprograms codon optimality to favor viral RNA translation by altering the tRNA epitranscriptome.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in the Molecular Design and Delivery Technology of mRNA for Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- The Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 during Pandemic and Adaptation to the Host.Journal of molecular evolution · 2021Article
- Emerging translation strategies during virus-host interaction.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2021Review
- Utilizing Computational Machine Learning Tools to Understand Immunogenic Breadth in the Context of a CD8 T-Cell Mediated HIV Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- HIV Rev-isited.Open biology · 2020Review
- Analysis of Codon Usage and Nucleotide Bias in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Genes.Evolutionary bioinformatics online · 2020Article
- mRNA as novel technology for passive immunotherapy.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Review
- The adaptation of codon usage of +ssRNA viruses to their hosts.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Increasing the CpG dinucleotide abundance in the HIV-1 genomic RNA inhibits viral replication.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- Codon Optimization Leads to Functional Impairment of RD114-TR Envelope Glycoprotein.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2017Article
- Coevolution between Stop Codon Usage and Release Factors in Bacterial Species.Molecular biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Codon optimization of the adenoviral fiber negatively impacts structural protein expression and viral fitness.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus phages: effect of translation initiation efficiency on differential codon adaptation mediated by virulent and temperate lifestyles.The Journal of general virology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe sequences of wild-isolate strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) are characterized by low GC content and suboptimal codon usage. Codon optimization of DNA vectors can enhance protein expression both by enhancing translational efficiency, and by altering RNA stability and export. Although gag codon optimization is widely used in DNA vectors and experimental vaccines, the actual effect of altered codon usage on gag translational efficiency has not been quantified. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL
findingsTo quantify translational efficiency of gag mRNA in live T cells, we transfected Jurkat cells with increasing doses of capped, polyadenylated synthetic mRNA corresponding to wildtype or codon-optimized gag sequences, measured Gag production by quantitative ELISA and flow cytometry, and estimated the translational efficiency of each transcript as pg of Gag antigen produced per microg of input mRNA. We found that codon optimization yielded a small increase in gag translational efficiency (approximately 1.6 fold). In contrast when cells were transfected with DNA vectors requiring nuclear transcription and processing of gag mRNA, codon optimization resulted in a very large enhancement of Gag production.
conclusionsWe conclude that suboptimal codon usage by HIV-1 results in only a slight loss of gag translational efficiency per se, with the vast majority of enhancement in protein expression from DNA vectors due to altered processing and export of nuclear RNA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.