ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2008
The synergistic effect of concomitant schistosomiasis, hookworm, and trichuris infections on children's anemia burden.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Malaria and helminth co-infections in children living in endemic countries: A systematic review with meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Comorbidity of Geo-Helminthes among Malaria Outpatients of the Health Facilities in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- SCORE Studies on the Impact of Drug Treatment on Morbidity due toThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of hookworm infection and deworming on anaemia in non-pregnant populations: a systematic review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2010Pooled it
- The impact of anthelmintic treatment intervention on malaria infection and anaemia in school and preschool children in Magu district, Tanzania: an open label randomised intervention trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Public Spaces as Hotspots of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Parasite Transmission: Evidence from Small Animal and Soil Surveillance in Malaysia.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- A Coprological Investigation of Endoparasites in One-Horned Rhinoceros (Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiological study on helminth egg detection in untreated sewage sludge from Brazilian regions with unequal income.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal helminth infections and ectoparasitism in wild rodents along wildlife-human interfaces in Tanzania.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Paediatric anaemia in rural Kenya and the role of travel time to emergency care services.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of intestinal parasites in street dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) with highlights on zoonosis in Lalitpur, Nepal.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Haematology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infections among children living in a setting of high coverage of standard interventions for malaria and helminths: Two population-based studies in Senegal.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Caregivers' perception of risk for malaria, helminth infection and malaria-helminth co-infection among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Efficacy of triple dose albendazole treatment for soil-transmitted helminth infections.PloS one · 2022Article
- Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional indices among Filipino schoolchildren.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Whole-Proteome Differential Screening Identifies Novel Vaccine Candidates for Schistosomiasis japonica.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the degree of synergism between helminth species in their combined effects on anemia.
methodsQuantitative egg counts using the Kato-Katz method were determined for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, and Schistosoma japonicum in 507 school-age children from helminth-endemic villages in The Philippines. Infection intensity was defined in three categories: uninfected, low, or moderate/high (M+). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <11 g/dL. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and synergy index for pairs of concurrent infections.
resultsM+ co-infection of hookworm and S. japonicum (OR = 13.2, 95% CI: 3.82-45.5) and of hookworm and T. trichiura (OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 1.76-16.2) were associated with higher odds of anemia relative to children without respective M+ co-infections. For co-infections of hookworm and S. japonicum and of T. trichiura and hookworm, the estimated indices of synergy were 2.9 (95% CI: 1.1-4.6) and 1.4 (95% CI: 0.9-2.0), respectively.
conclusionCo-infections of hookworm and either S. japonicum or T. trichiura were associated with higher levels of anemia than would be expected if the effects of these species had only independent effects on anemia. This suggests that integrated anti-helminthic treatment programs with simultaneous deworming for S. japonicum and some geohelminths could yield a greater than additive benefit for reducing anemia in helminth-endemic regions.
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