ArticleThe Biochemical journal2008
The secretion inhibitor Exo2 perturbs trafficking of Shiga toxin between endosomes and the trans-Golgi network.
Article in The Biochemical journal, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid-gated vesicular trafficking directs HSPA1A to the plasma membrane through the endo-lysosomal network.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026Article
- Heteroannulations of cyanoacetamide-based MCR scaffolds utilizing formamide.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2025Article
- Visualizing intra-Golgi localization and transport by side-averaging Golgi ministacks.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
- Targeting the Small GTPase Superfamily through Their Regulatory Proteins.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2020Review
- Detection of the in vitro modulation of Plasmodium falciparum Arf1 by Sec7 and ArfGAP domains using a colorimetric plate-based assay.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Review
- BML-265 and Tyrphostin AG1478 Disperse the Golgi Apparatus and Abolish Protein Transport in Human Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
- Hydrophobicity of protein determinants influences the recognition of substrates by EDEM1 and EDEM2 in human cells.BMC cell biology · 2015Article
- Syntaxin 5-dependent retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network is required for adeno-associated virus transduction.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Ricin trafficking in cells.Toxins · 2015Review
- Identification of a peptide-based neutralizer that potently inhibits both Shiga toxins 1 and 2 by targeting specific receptor-binding regions.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Article
- Inhibitors of the cellular trafficking of ricin.Toxins · 2012Review
- Ricin trafficking in plant and mammalian cells.Toxins · 2011Review
- Glycosphingolipid functions.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2011Review
- Eeyarestatin 1 interferes with both retrograde and anterograde intracellular trafficking pathways.PloS one · 2011Article
- Shiga toxins--from cell biology to biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The small-molecule inhibitor Exo2 {4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrol[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydraz-one benzaldehyde} has been reported to disrupt the Golgi apparatus completely and to stimulate Golgi-ER (endoplasmic reticulum) fusion in mammalian cells, akin to the well-characterized fungal toxin BFA (brefeldin A). It has also been reported that Exo2 does not affect the integrity of the TGN (trans-Golgi network), or the direct retrograde trafficking of the glycolipid-binding cholera toxin from the TGN to the ER lumen. We have examined the effects of BFA and Exo2, and found that both compounds are indistinguishable in their inhibition of anterograde transport and that both reagents significantly disrupt the morphology of the TGN in HeLa and in BS-C-1 cells. However, Exo2, unlike BFA, does not induce tubulation and merging of the TGN and endosomal compartments. Furthermore, and in contrast with its effects on cholera toxin, Exo2 significantly perturbs the delivery of Shiga toxin to the ER. Together, these results suggest that the likely target(s) of Exo2 operate at the level of the TGN, the Golgi and a subset of early endosomes, and thus Exo2 provides a more selective tool than BFA for examining membrane trafficking in mammalian cells.
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Registered trials
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