Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18519560›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2008

Oral vaccination of guinea pigs with a Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine in a lipid matrix protects against aerosol infection with virulent M. bovis.

Simon Clark, Martin L Cross, Allan Nadian, Julia Vipond, Pinar Court, Ann Williams, R Glyn Hewinson, Frank E Aldwell, Mark A Chambers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The Effect of Oral Vaccination withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Animal models of tuberculosis: Guinea pigs.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2014
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Simon ClarkHealth Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
Martin L Cross
Allan Nadian
Julia Vipond
Pinar Court
Ann Williams
R Glyn Hewinson
Frank E Aldwell
Mark A Chambers

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increased incidence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in the United Kingdom caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a cause of considerable economic loss to farmers and the government. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) represents a wildlife source of recurrent M. bovis infections of cattle in the United Kingdom, and its vaccination against TB with M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attractive disease control option. Delivery of BCG in oral bait holds the best prospect for vaccinating badgers over a wide geographical area. Using a guinea pig pulmonary challenge model, we evaluated the protective efficacy of candidate badger oral vaccines, based on broth-grown or ball-milled BCG, delivered either as aqueous suspensions or formulated in two lipids with differing fatty acid profiles (one being animal derived and the other being vegetable derived). Protection was determined in terms of increasing body weight after aerosol challenge with virulent M. bovis, reduced dissemination of M. bovis to the spleen, and, in the case of one oral formulation, restricted growth of M. bovis in the lungs. Only oral BCG formulated in lipid gave significant protection. These data point to the potential of the BCG-lipid formulation for further development as a tool for controlling tuberculosis in badgers.

Indexed as

AerosolsAdministration, OralAnimalsBCG VaccineBody WeightCell ProliferationColony Count, MicrobialGuinea PigsLipidsLungLymphocytesMycobacterium bovisSpleenTuberculosisAerosolsBCG VaccineLipids

Identifiers

PMID18519560
PMCPMC2493221

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.