ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2008
Evidence for separate diseases?: Stages of one disease or different combinations of symptom dimensions?
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying transdiagnostic neurobiomarkers for precision major psychiatric disordersJournal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Causal relationship between genetically predicted mental disorders and frailty: a bidirectional and multivariable mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Late onset psychosis treatment with adjunctive medicines.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Behavioural activation for depressive symptoms in young people with emerging or early psychosis: A pilot study protocol.PloS one · 2023Article
- Utility of the cumulative stress and mismatch hypotheses in understanding the neurobiological impacts of childhood abuse and recent stress in youth with emerging mental disorder.Human brain mapping · 2017Article
- Negative symptoms and their association with depressive symptoms in the long-term course of schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2016Article
- Assessing depression in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: a comparison of three measures.Psychiatry research · 2014Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characterization following a first psychotic episode in major depressive disorder: comparisons with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder in the Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS).Schizophrenia bulletin · 2013Article
- ABC Schizophrenia study: an overview of results since 1996.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2013Article
- Clinical classification in mental health at the cross-roads: which direction next?BMC medicine · 2013Article
- Neuropsychological profile according to the clinical stage of young persons presenting for mental health care.BMC psychology · 2013Article
- Neuropsychological and socio-occupational functioning in young psychiatric outpatients: a longitudinal investigation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Mismatch negativity/P3a complex in young people with psychiatric disorders: a cluster analysis.PloS one · 2012Article
- Reappraisal of the interplay between psychosis and depression symptoms in the pathogenesis of psychotic syndromes: results from a twenty-year prospective community study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2011Article
- Childhood onset diagnoses in a case series of teens at clinical high risk for psychosis.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe tested Kraepelin's dichotomy model by studying the separability of schizophrenia and depression on the basis of symptoms and illness course. MATERIALS AND
methodsMatched untreated patients with schizophrenia and depression (n = 130 each) and 130 "healthy" controls were assessed from onset to first admission. In a second study the same variables were studied in 107 patients with schizophrenia over a homogenised follow-up of 134 months (11.2 years).
resultsThe symptom most frequently marking the onset of both schizophrenia and depression was depressive mood. Both disorders exhibited the same prodromal core syndrome. It was not until the emergence of positive symptoms that the disorders became separable by the international classification systems. Depression remained the most frequent syndrome over the entire course of schizophrenia.
conclusionDepression does not represent comorbidity, but an integral part of psychosis. A dimensional disease model based on successively emerging hierarchical symptom patterns, not unknown to the later Kraepelin, is offered as an explanation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18516520What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.