ArticleBlood2008
Angiostatic activity of the antitumor cytokine interleukin-21.
Article in Blood, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of angiogenesis in adenomyosis-associated abnormal uterine bleeding and subfertility: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2019Pooled it
- IL-21 promotes the anti-tumor effect of anti-CD47 chimeric antigen receptor macrophages in ovarian cancer.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Anti-angiogenic therapy as potential treatment for adenomyosis.Angiogenesis · 2025Article
- Drug-Free Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enable Suppression of Cancer Metastasis and Confer Survival Advantages to Mice with Tumor Xenografts.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of interleukin-21 in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Exhausted signature and regulatory network of NK cells in myasthenia gravis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- An effective therapeutic regime for treatment of glioma using oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing IL-21 in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Review
- New Directions in Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease.Circulation research · 2021Review
- A novel vaccinia virus enhances anti-tumor efficacy and promotes a long-term anti-tumor response in a murine model of colorectal cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- A systemically deliverable Vaccinia virus with increased capacity for intertumoral and intratumoral spread effectively treats pancreatic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Role of the Cyclooxygenase Pathway in the Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- The roles of interleukins in perfusion recovery after peripheral arterial disease.Bioscience reports · 2018Review
- Advances of the interleukin-21 signaling pathway in immunity and angiogenesis.Biomedical reports · 2016Article
- Endothelial interleukin-21 receptor up-regulation in peripheral artery disease.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2016Article
- TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2016Review
- Loss of interleukin-21 receptor activation in hypoxic endothelial cells impairs perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2015Article
- Interleukin-21 sustains inflammatory signals that contribute to sporadic colon tumorigenesis.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- Th17 Cell Plasticity and Functions in Cancer Immunity.BioMed research international · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a recently described immunoregulatory cytokine. It has been identified as a very potent immunotherapeutic agent in several cancer types in animal models, and clinical studies are ongoing. IL-21 belongs to the type I cytokine family of which other members, ie, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-4, have been shown to exert activities on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). We hypothesized that IL-21, in addition to inducing the antitumor immune response, also inhibits tumor angiogenesis. In vitro experiments showed a decrease of proliferation and sprouting of activated ECs after IL-21 treatment. We found that the IL-21 receptor is expressed on vascular ECs. Furthermore, in vivo studies in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo and in mouse tumors demonstrated that IL-21 treatment disturbs vessel architecture and negatively affects vessel outgrowth. Our results also confirm the earlier suggested angiostatic potential of IL-2 in vitro and in vivo. The angiostatic effect of IL-21 is confirmed by the decrease in expression of angiogenesis-related genes. Interestingly, IL-21 treatment of ECs leads to a decrease of Stat3 phosphorylation. Our research shows that IL-21 is a very powerful antitumor compound that combines the induction of an effective antitumor immune response with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.