ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2008
Progesterone stimulates the proliferation of female and male cholangiocytes via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.
Article in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholangiocyte biology in primary sclerosing cholangitis and other cholangiopathies: pathogenesis, clinical insights, and experimental tools.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Unveiling the effect of estrogen receptors in alcoholic liver disease: A novel outlook.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2023Review
- The Hepatoprotective and Hepatotoxic Roles of Sex and Sex-Related Hormones.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Estrogens in polycystic liver disease: A target for future therapies?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2021Review
- Cholangiocyte pathobiology.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Review
- Melatonin inhibits hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and reduces biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis in cholestatic rats.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2017Article
- Cellular crosstalk during cholestatic liver injury.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2017Article
- Regulators of Cholangiocyte Proliferation.Gene expression · 2017Review
- Effect of genotype on the severity and volume progression of polycystic liver disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2016Article
- Ischemia reperfusion of the hepatic artery induces the functional damage of large bile ducts by changes in the expression of angiogenic factors.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2015Article
- Women and primary biliary cirrhosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2015Review
- Activation of the renin-angiotensin system stimulates biliary hyperplasia during cholestasis induced by extrahepatic bile duct ligation.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2015Article
- Dynamic expression of desmin, α-SMA and TGF-β1 during hepatic fibrogenesis induced by selective bile duct ligation in young rats.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2014Article
- Recent advances on the mechanisms regulating cholangiocyte proliferation and the significance of the neuroendocrine regulation of cholangiocyte pathophysiology.Annals of translational medicine · 2013Review
- Chronic nicotine exposure stimulates biliary growth and fibrosis in normal rats.Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2013Article
- Role of follicle-stimulating hormone on biliary cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2013Article
- Recent advances in the morphological and functional heterogeneity of the biliary epithelium.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2013Review
- Modulation of the biliary expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase alters the autocrine proliferative responses of cholangiocytes in rats.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Article
- Estradiol and progesterone exhibit similar patterns of hepatic gene expression regulation in the bovine model.PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-08-29Investigation by Company/Institution · Unreliable Data ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During cholestatic liver diseases, cholangiocytes express neuroendocrine phenotypes and respond to a number of hormones and neuropeptides by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. We examined whether the neuroendocrine hormone progesterone is produced by and targeted to cholangiocytes, thereby regulating biliary proliferation during cholestasis. Nuclear (PR-A and PR-B) and membrane (PRGMC1, PRGMC2, and mPRalpha) progesterone receptor expression was evaluated in liver sections and cholangiocytes from normal and bile duct ligation (BDL) rats, and NRC cells (normal rat cholangiocyte line). In vivo, normal rats were chronically treated with progesterone for 1 wk, or immediately after BDL, rats were treated with a neutralizing progesterone antibody for 1 wk. Cholangiocyte growth was measured by evaluating the number of bile ducts in liver sections. The expression of the progesterone synthesis pathway was evaluated in liver sections, cholangiocytes and NRC. Progesterone secretion was evaluated in supernatants from normal and BDL cholangiocytes and NRC. In vitro, NRC were stimulated with progesterone and cholangiocyte supernatants in the presence or absence of antiprogesterone antibody. Aminoglutethimide was used to block progesterone synthesis. Cholangiocytes and NRC express the PR-B nuclear receptor and PRGMC1, PRGMC2, and mPRalpha. In vivo, progesterone increased the number of bile ducts of normal rats, whereas antiprogesterone antibody inhibited cholangiocyte growth stimulated by BDL. Normal and BDL cholangiocytes expressed the biosynthetic pathway for and secrete progesterone. In vitro, 1) progesterone increased NRC proliferation; 2) cholangiocyte supernatants increased NRC proliferation, which was partially inhibited by preincubation with antiprogesterone; and 3) inhibition of progesterone steroidogenesis prevented NRC proliferation. In conclusion, progesterone may be an important autocrine/paracrine regulator of cholangiocyte proliferation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.