ArticleNeuroscience2008
Apocynin improves outcome in experimental stroke with a narrow dose range.
Article in Neuroscience, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in mouse stroke experiments: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition induces cerebral angiogenesis post-ischemia/reperfusion in an oxidative stress-dependent way and promotes endothelial survival by regulating mitochondrial metabolism.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Outgrowth Endothelial Cell Conditioned Medium Negates TNF-α-Evoked Cerebral Barrier Damage: A Reverse Translational Research to Explore Mechanisms.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2023Article
- NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Death and Neurogenesis after Acute Neurological Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Role of NADPH Oxidase-Induced Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1Neural plasticity · 2021Article
- NADExperimental neurology · 2020Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intermittent Fasting-induced Ischemic Tolerance.Conditioning medicine · 2020Article
- Reduced Apoptotic Injury by Phenothiazine in Ischemic Stroke through the NOX-Akt/PKC Pathway.Brain sciences · 2019Article
- The role of NOX inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases.IBRO reports · 2019Review
- Synergistic Role of Oxidative Stress and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability as Injury Mechanisms in the Acute Pathophysiology of Blast-induced Neurotrauma.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- In Utero Exposure to Alcohol Impairs Reactivity of Cerebral Arterioles and Increases Susceptibility of the Brain to Damage Following Ischemia/Reperfusion in Adulthood.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Article
- A combination antioxidant therapy to inhibit NOX2 and activate Nrf2 decreases secondary brain damage and improves functional recovery after traumatic brain injury.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Article
- NOX Inhibitors - A Promising Avenue for Ischemic Stroke.Experimental neurobiology · 2017Review
- A stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography method to determine apocynin in nanoparticles.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2017Article
- Combining Normobaric Oxygen with Ethanol or Hypothermia Prevents Brain Damage from Thromboembolic Stroke via PKC-Akt-NOX Modulation.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2017Review
- Apocyanin, a Microglial NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Prevents Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Article
- Oxidative Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Sources, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Review
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2016Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation following ischemic stroke is known to contribute to injury. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a major enzyme system originally studied in immune cells that leads to superoxide (O.*) generation. Apocynin is a NOX inhibitor that has been studied as a potential treatment in experimental stroke. Here we explored the effect of different doses of apocynin in a mouse model of 2 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by 22 h reperfusion. Apocynin, given i.v. at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 30 min before reperfusion, improved neurological function (P<0.01), reduced infarct volume (P<0.05), and reduced the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage (P<0.05), but not at higher doses of 3.75 and 5 mg/kg, where it actually increased brain hemorrhage. Apocynin also tended to reduce mortality at the lower dose, but not at higher doses. Using hydroethine fluorescence to delineate O.* in the brain, neurons and some microglia/macrophages, but not vascular endothelial cells were found to contain O.*. Apocynin at protective doses markedly prevented ischemia-induced increases in O.*. Our data suggested that apocynin can protect against experimental stroke, but with a narrow therapeutic window.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.