ReviewCytokine & growth factor reviews
Immune regulation and control of regulatory T cells by OX40 and 4-1BB.
Review in Cytokine & growth factor reviews. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Herpesvirus-6B Reactivation Is a Risk Factor for Grades II to IV Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2018Pooled it
- CD137 agonists in mice suppress germinal center responses by increasing the immunosuppressive activity of follicular regulatory T-cells.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Exercise-Mobilized Donor Lymphocytes Enhance Blinatumomab Activity Against B-ALL.Research square · 2026Article
- The atypical IκB factor IκBδ enhances CD8 T cell accumulation and effector functions in solid tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Co-delivery of chemokine CXCL9 and costimulatory ligand TNFSF9 by mesenchymal stem cells reprograms the immune microenvironment for triple-negative breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Prognostic immunological implications of OX40L expression in the tumor microenvironment of melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in preclinical studies combining hyperthermia therapy with novel immune checkpoint targeting agents.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- OX40 signaling in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of action, translational applications, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Detection of Gliadin-Activated CD4Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- The role of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily in cancer: insights into oncogenesis, progression, and therapeutic strategies.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus armed with 4-1BBL elicits potent and safe antitumor immunity and enhances the therapeutic efficiency of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a pancreatic cancer model.Translational oncology · 2024Article
- Human/mouse CD137 agonist, JNU-0921, effectively shrinks tumors through enhancing the cytotoxicity of CD8Science advances · 2024Article
- Generation and characterization of OX40-ligand fusion protein that agonizes OX40 on T-Lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Single cell transcriptomics shows that malaria promotes unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cell subsets.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Proteomics reveals unique identities of human TGF-β-induced and thymus-derived CD4Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Current Clinical Trial Landscape of OX40 Agonists.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Recipient Tregs: Can They Be Exploited for Successful Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Outcomes?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Shape TFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Junctions, and Tumor Microenvironment in Brain Metastases, the Biological Prospects and Dilemma in Therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- T-cell agonists in cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The TNFR family members OX40 (CD134) and 4-1BB (CD137) have been found to play major roles as costimulatory receptors for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. In particular, in many situations, they can control proliferation, survival, and cytokine production, and hence are thought to dictate accumulation of protective T cells during anti-viral and anti-tumor responses and pathogenic T cells during autoimmune reactions. As opposed to simply controlling the activity of naïve, effector, and memory T cells, recent data have suggested that both molecules are also instrumental in controlling the generation and activity of so-called regulatory or suppressor T cells (Treg), perhaps in both positive and negative manners. Part of the action on Treg might function to further promote protective or pathogenic T cells, but alternate activities of OX40 and 4-1BB on Treg are also being described that suggest that there might be control by these molecules at multiple levels that will alter the biological outcome when these receptors are ligated. This review specifically focuses on recent studies of regulatory T cells, and regulatory or suppressive activity, that are modulated by OX40 or 4-1BB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.