ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2008
The evolutionary dynamics of human influenza B virus.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indirect protection from vaccinating children against influenza in households.Nature communications · 2019Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an Egg-Cultivated Quadrivalent Inactivated Split-virion Influenza Vaccine (GC3110A) in Healthy Korean Children: a Randomized, Double-blinded, Active-controlled Phase III Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2018Trial
- Epidemiological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza B Viruses in Malaysia, 2012-2014.PloS one · 2015Trial
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- Epistasis facilitates the long-term antigenic evolution of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Asymmetric post-pandemic recovery of influenza A and B since 2020 in Hong Kong: an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis of weekly surveillance data with subtype and lineage characterization.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis ofViruses · 2026Article
- Temporal trends and burden of influenza B virus lineages in Dibrugarh, Assam (2014-2025): predominance of Victoria with early circulation of Yamagata.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- A single mutation in nonstructural protein 1 is critical for the adaptive evolution of influenza B virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Influenza Surveillance in the Central African Republic From 2015 to 2018 to Inform Vaccination and Treatment Strategies.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Viral pathogens in the etiology of acute respiratory infections in Bulgaria during the 2024-2025 season and genetic diversity of circulating influenza viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- PREDAC-FluB: predicting antigenic clusters of seasonal influenza B viruses with protein language model embedding based convolutional neural network.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- A Review of Cross-Species Transmission Mechanisms of Influenza Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Neuraminidase-specific antibodies drive differential cross-protection between contemporary FLUBV lineages.Science advances · 2025Article
- Antiviral potential of ginseng: Targeting human pathogenic viruses with compounds derived from ginseng.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Review
- Article
- Antigenic analysis of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin protein.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses in Brazil: insights from a nationwide analysis.Virus evolution · 2025Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, type A and B influenza viruses exhibit major epidemiological differences in humans, with the latter both less common and less often associated with severe disease. However, it is unclear what processes determine the evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus, and how influenza viruses A and B interact at the evolutionary scale. To address these questions we inferred the phylogenetic history of human influenza B virus using complete genome sequences for which the date (day) of isolation was available. By comparing the phylogenetic patterns of all eight viral segments we determined the occurrence of segment reassortment over a 30-year sampling period. An analysis of rates of nucleotide substitution and selection pressures revealed sporadic occurrences of adaptive evolution, most notably in the viral hemagglutinin and compatible with the action of antigenic drift, yet lower rates of overall and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution compared to influenza A virus. Overall, these results led us to propose a model in which evolutionary changes within and between the antigenically distinct 'Yam88' and 'Vic87' lineages of influenza B virus are the result of changes in herd immunity, with reassortment continuously generating novel genetic variation. Additionally, we suggest that the interaction with influenza A virus may be central in shaping the evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus, facilitating the shift of dominance between the Vic87 and the Yam88 lineages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.