ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2008
Gene doping: the hype and the reality.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Angiogenic Doping: Plausible Yet Difficult to Detect.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Codon changes challenge PCR-based gene doping detection.Gene therapy · 2025Article
- Multiplex detection of seven transgenes for human gene doping analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- ELOVL5 Participates in Embryonic Lipid Determination of Cellular Membranes and Cytoplasmic Droplets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Establishment of two quantitative nested qPCR assays targeting the human EPO transgene.Gene therapy · 2016Article
- Has Athletic Performance Reached its Peak?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Review
- From gene engineering to gene modulation and manipulation: can we prevent or detect gene doping in sports?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2013Review
- In sport and social justice, is genetic enhancement a game changer?Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2012Article
- Fundamental study of detection of muscle hypertrophy-oriented gene doping by myostatin knock down using RNA interference.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2012Article
- Development and utility of an internal threshold control (ITC) real-time PCR assay for exogenous DNA detection.PloS one · 2012Article
- Gene doping: Olympic genes for Olympic dreams.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2011Article
- Longevity of rAAV vector and plasmid DNA in blood after intramuscular injection in nonhuman primates: implications for gene doping.Gene therapy · 2011Article
- Genetic enhancement in sports: The role of reason and private rationalities in the public arena.Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees · 2011Article
- Direct and long-term detection of gene doping in conventional blood samples.Gene therapy · 2011Article
- Genetic doping and health damages.Iranian journal of public health · 2011Article
- Characterization of the specific and sustained GH1 expression induced by rAAV2/1 in normal adult male rats.Molecular biology reports · 2010Article
- A microarray gene analysis of peripheral whole blood in normal adult male rats after long-term GH gene therapy.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2010Article
- Genetic engineering in athletes.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Some spectacular results from genetic manipulation of laboratory rodents and increasing developments in human gene therapy raise the spectre of genetic modification or 'gene doping' in sports. Candidate targets include the induction of muscle hypertrophy through overexpression of specific splice variants of insulin-like growth factor-1 or blockade of the action of myostatin, increasing oxygen delivery by raising the hematocrit through the use of erythropoietin, induction of angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factors or related molecules and changes in muscle phenotype through expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor- delta and associated molecules. Some of these potential genetic enhancements, particularly where the genetic modification and its action are confined to the muscles, may be undetectable using current tests. This had lead to exaggerated predictions that gene doping in athletics will be common within the next few years. However, a review of the methods of gene transfer and the current 'state of the art' in development of genetic treatments for human disease show that the prospects for gene doping remain essentially theoretical at present. Despite this conclusion, it will be important to continue to monitor improvements in the technology and to develop methods of detection, particularly those based on identifying patterns of changes in response to doping as opposed to the detection of specific agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.