ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2008
HIV protease inhibitors provide neuroprotection through inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis in mice.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprotective Agents for Photoreceptor Rescue Following Experimental Retinal Detachment in Rodents: A Systematic Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Intraocular kinetics of pathological ATP after photoreceptor damage in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Connection Between HIV and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Treatments.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Diverse functions of cytochrome c in cell death and disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2024Review
- Stages, pathogenesis, clinical management and advancements in therapies of age-related macular degeneration.International ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Caspase-9: A Multimodal Therapeutic Target With Diverse Cellular Expression in Human Disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- AnFrontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Membrane-bound and soluble Fas ligands have opposite functions in photoreceptor cell death following separation from the retinal pigment epithelium.Cell death & disease · 2015Article
- Role of Bax in death of uninfected retinal cells during murine cytomegalovirus retinitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Article
- Choice of antiretroviral therapy differentially impacts survival of HIV-infected CD4 T cells.Molecular and cellular therapies · 2014Article
- Photoreceptor cell death and rescue in retinal detachment and degenerations.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2013Review
- Nelfinavir inhibits intra-mitochondrial calcium influx and protects brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal mice.PloS one · 2013Article
- Dynamic increase in extracellular ATP accelerates photoreceptor cell apoptosis via ligation of P2RX7 in subretinal hemorrhage.PloS one · 2013Article
- Mitochondria in traumatic brain injury and mitochondrial-targeted multipotential therapeutic strategies.British journal of pharmacology · 2012Review
- The regulatory roles of apoptosis-inducing factor in the formation and regression processes of ocular neovascularization.The American journal of pathology · 2012Article
- The effect of HIV protease inhibitors on amyloid-β peptide degradation and synthesis in human cells and Alzheimer's disease animal model.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2012Article
- Selective gene transfer to the retina using intravitreal ultrasound irradiation.Journal of ophthalmology · 2012Article
- Critical involvement of extracellular ATP acting on P2RX7 purinergic receptors in photoreceptor cell death.The American journal of pathology · 2011Article
- Apoptosis-inducing factor: structure, function, and redox regulation.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroprotection can be achieved by preventing apoptotic death of postmitotic cells. Apoptotic death can occur by either a caspase-dependent mechanism, involving cytochrome c, apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), and caspase-9, or a caspase-independent mechanism, involving apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) avert apoptosis in part by preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), but the precise mechanism by which they work is not known. Here, we evaluated the impact of the PIs in a mouse model of retinal detachment (RD) in vivo and in murine primary retinal cell cultures in vitro. Oral administration of the PIs nelfinavir and ritonavir significantly inhibited photoreceptor apoptosis, while preventing the translocation of AIF from mitochondria to the nucleus as well as the activation of caspase-9. RD-induced photoreceptor apoptosis was similarly inhibited in mice carrying hypomorphic mutations of the genes encoding AIF or Apaf-1. Nelfinavir attenuated apoptosis as well as mitochondrial release of AIF and cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspase-9 in vitro, in photoreceptor cultures exposed to starvation or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-stimulated (MCP-1-stimulated) macrophages. Our results suggest that the MOMP inhibition by PIs involved interruption of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis pathways and that PIs may be clinically useful for the treatment of diseases caused by excessive apoptosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.