Trial reportMaternal and child health journal2009
Baby BEEP: A randomized controlled trial of nurses' individualized social support for poor rural pregnant smokers.
Trial report in Maternal and child health journal, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vulnerability approaches and expectant father involvement.Public health reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking Cessation Interventions and Abstinence Outcomes for People Living in Rural, Regional, and Remote Areas of Three High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- eHealth Interventions to Treat Substance Use in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Re-starting smoking in the postpartum period after receiving a smoking cessation intervention: a systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing or reducing domestic violence against pregnant women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- A systematic review of the quality of reporting in published smoking cessation trials for pregnant women: an explanation for the evidence-practice gap?Implementation science : IS · 2014Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Telephone support for women during pregnancy and the first six weeks postpartum.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Contingency Management Versus Psychotherapy for Prenatal Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthPooled it
- Promoting heart health in rural women.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2013Trial
- Perinatal mortality and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a low-income rural population of women who smoke.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2012Trial
- Preventing postpartum smoking relapse among diverse low-income women: a randomized clinical trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2010Trial
- Are psychosocial smoking cessation interventions delivered in pregnancy equally effective? A systematic review, meta-analysis and equity analysis of moderation analyses in randomized controlled trials.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Equity Promoting Features of Smoking Cessation Interventions Delivered in Pregnancy: An Intervention Component Analysis of a Systematic Review.Tobacco use insights · 2026Review
- Strategies to improve interpersonal communication along the continuum of maternal and newborn care: A scoping review and narrative synthesis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Personalised multicomponent interventions for tobacco dependence management in low socioeconomic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe tested the effect of nurse-delivered telephone individualized social support ("Baby BEEP") and eight mailed prenatal smoking cessation booklets singly and in combination (2 x 2 factorial design) on smoking cessation in low-income rural pregnant women (N = 695; 75% participation).
methodsParticipants randomized to Baby BEEP groups (n = 345) received weekly calls throughout pregnancy plus 24-7 beeper access. Saliva cotinine samples were collected monthly from all groups by other nurses at home visits up to 6 weeks post-delivery. Primary outcomes were point prevalence abstinence (cotinine < 30 ng/ml) in late pregnancy and post-delivery.
resultsOnly 47 women were lost to follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses showed no difference across intervention groups (17-22%, late pregnancy; 11-13.5%, postpartum), and no difference from the controls (17%, late pregnancy; 13%, postpartum). Post hoc analyses of study completers suggested a four percentage-point advantage for the intervention groups over controls in producing early and mid-pregnancy continuous abstainers. Partner smoking had no effect on late pregnancy abstinence (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.95, 3.2), but post-delivery, the effect was pronounced (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.8, 5.9).
conclusionsHigh abstinence rates in the controls indicate the power of biologic monitoring and home visits to assess stress, support, depression, and intimate partner violence; these elements plus booklets were as effective as more intensive interventions. Targeting partners who smoke is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.