ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2008
Human coronavirus NL63 and 229E seroconversion in children.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- A multiregional serosurvey of RNA virus-reactive antibodies in bats and rodents reveals the enzootic presence of flavi- and paramyxoviruses in African Pteropodidae.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of Coronavirus NL63 in Yamagata, Japan, Between 1976 and 2022.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Common cold embecovirus imprinting primes broadly neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 S2.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- A novel chimeric coronavirus spike vaccine combining SARS-CoV-2 RBD and scaffold domains from HKU-1 elicits potent neutralising antibody responses.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- A longitudinal study of antibody responses to endemic HCoV and novel SARS-CoV-2 among mother-child pairs in Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in children exhibit higher FcR engagement and avidity than in adults.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Endemic coronavirus infection is associated with SARS-CoV-2 Fc receptor-binding antibodies.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Minimal Impact of Prior Common Cold Coronavirus Exposure on Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination or Infection Risk in Older Adults in Congregate Care.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Potent neutralising monoclonal antibodies targeting the spike of NL63 coronavirus.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Serological analyses against endemic human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults using samples collected before the COVID-19 pandemic.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Construction of pseudotyped human coronaviruses and detection of pre-existing antibodies in the human population.Biosafety and health · 2024Article
- HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 seroprevalence and its relationship with the clinical features of COVID-19 patients from Villavicencio, ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2024Article
- A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Potential use of endemic human coronaviruses to stimulate immunity against pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Coronavirus spike protein-specific antibodies indicate frequent infections and reinfections in infancy and among BNT162b2-vaccinated healthcare workers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2004, the novel respiratory human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) was identified, and subsequent research revealed that the virus has spread worldwide. HCoV-229E is a close relative of HCoV-NL63, and infection with either virus can lead to the hospitalization of young children, immunocompromised persons, and the elderly. Children infected with HCoV-NL63 often develop croup, with obstruction of the airway. In this study we investigated at which age children are confronted for the first time with an HCoV-NL63 infection and, thus, at which age they seroconvert to HCoV-NL63 positivity. We designed a recombinant HCoV-229E and a recombinant HCoV-NL63 nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and performed a seroepidemiology survey on longitudinal and cross-sectional serum samples. The longitudinal serum samples were collected from 13 newborns, and data for those newborns were available from multiple time points spanning a period of at least 18 months. For the cross-sectional survey we tested serum samples of 139 children, including newborns to children 16 years of age. In examinations of the longitudinal serum samples we observed that all of the children had maternal anti-NL63 and anti-229E antibodies at birth that disappeared within 3 months. Seven of the 13 children became HCoV-NL63 seropositive during follow-up, whereas only 2 became HCoV-229E seropositive. The serology data of the cross-sectional serum samples revealed that 75% and 65% of the children in the age group 2.5 to 3.5 years were HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E seropositive, respectively. We conclude that on average, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E seroconversion occurs before children reach the age of 3.5 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.