ReviewPharmaceutical research2008
Discovery and development of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists: a new paradigm for treating sepsis and other diseases.
Review in Pharmaceutical research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and septic shock in adult and paediatric patients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Validating Natural Compounds as Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists: Experimental Challenges and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- A Study of Variation in the Major Phenolic Acid Components of Dandelions Across Different Regions, and the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Loss of RIP3 alleviates insulin resistance and inflammation in gestational diabetes mellitus mice via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Natural compounds improve diabetic nephropathy by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Review
- Sebacic acid, a royal jelly-containing fatty acid, decreases LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression in differentiated human THP-1 macrophage-like cells.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2024Article
- Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Mechanism of Action of Natural Compounds in Peripheral Multiorgan Dysfunction and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation Induced by Sepsis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in chronic liver diseases and its mitigation by medicinal plants.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- Identification and Characterization of Zebrafish Tlr4 Coreceptor Md-2.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Mucus blocks probiotics but increases penetration of motile pathogens and induces TNF-α and IL-8 secretion.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2020Article
- Mungbean seed coat water extract inhibits inflammation in LPS-induced acute liver injury mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 246.7 macrophages via the inhibition of TAK1/IκBα/NF-κB.Journal of food science and technology · 2020Article
- Aloperine suppresses LPS-induced macrophage activation through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2020Article
- Article
- Novel Chitohexaose Analog Protects Young and Aged mice from CLP Induced Polymicrobial Sepsis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Association betweenNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2019Article
- Antarctic freshwater microalga,International journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Toll-Like Receptor-4 Disruption Suppresses Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Increases Survival in Cancer Cachexia Syndrome.Scientific reports · 2018Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis remains the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the USA, with a current estimate of at least 750,000 cases per year, and 215,000 deaths annually. Despite extensive research still we do not quite understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in triggering and propagation of septic injury. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria, or LPS) has been implicated as a major cause of this syndrome. Inflammatory shock as a consequence of LPS release remains a serious clinical concern. In humans, inflammatory responses to LPS result in the release of cytokines and other cell mediators from monocytes and macrophages, which can cause fever, shock, organ failure and death. A number of different approaches have been investigated to try to treat and/or prevent the septic shock associated with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including blockage of one or more of the cytokines induced by LPS. Recently several novel amphipathic compounds have been developed as direct LPS antagonists at the LPS receptor, TLR4. This review article will outline the current knowledge on the TLR4-LPS synthesis and discuss the signaling, in vitro pre-clinical and in vivo clinical evaluation of TLR4 antagonists and their potential use in sepsis and a variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis as well as hepatic and renal malfunction.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.