Trial reportPloS one2008
A multi-center randomised controlled trial of gatifloxacin versus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adults in Vietnam.
Trial report in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Parallel Group, Double Blinded, 1:1, Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial of Co-trimoxazole Versus Azithromycin for the Treatment of Undifferentiated Fever In Nepal
Azithromycin and Cefixime Combination Versus Azithromycin Alone for the Out-patient Treatment of Clinically Suspected or Confirmed Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever in South Asia; a Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- A comparison of fluoroquinolones versus other antibiotics for treating enteric fever: meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2009Pooled it
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Versus Azithromycin for the Treatment of Undifferentiated Febrile Illness in Nepal: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Treatment responses to Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin in uncomplicated Salmonella Typhi infection: A comparison of Clinical and Microbiological Data from a Controlled Human Infection Model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Open label comparative trial of mono versus dual antibiotic therapy for Typhoid Fever in adults.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Gatifloxacin versus ceftriaxone for uncomplicated enteric fever in Nepal: an open-label, two-centre, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Clinically and microbiologically derived azithromycin susceptibility breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Gatifloxacin versus ofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in Nepal: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and ex vivo antimalarial activity of artesunate-azithromycin in healthy volunteers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Trial
- A multi-center randomized trial to assess the efficacy of gatifloxacin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of shigellosis in Vietnamese children.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Trial
- The influence of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi on the clinical response to ofloxacin therapy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Trial
- Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- Temporal fluctuation of multidrug resistant salmonella typhi haplotypes in the mekong river delta region of Vietnam.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Trial
- Gatifloxacin detection in the nanoscale: a review exploring current biosensing technologies and future opportunities.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Plasma concentration of azithromycin and correlation with clinical outcomes in patients with enteric fever.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Article
- Making Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing More Physiologically Relevant with Bicarbonate?Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Salmonella Typhi Shedding and Household Transmission by Children With Blood Culture-Confirmed Typhoid Fever in Vellore, South India.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Azithromycin and cefixime combination versus azithromycin alone for the out-patient treatment of clinically suspected or confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever in South Asia: a randomised controlled trial protocol.Wellcome open research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDrug resistant typhoid fever is a major clinical problem globally. Many of the first line antibiotics, including the older generation fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, are failing.
objectivesWe performed a randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin (10 mg/kg/day) versus azithromycin (20 mg/kg/day) as a once daily oral dose for 7 days for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children and adults in Vietnam.
methodsAn open-label multi-centre randomised trial with pre-specified per protocol analysis and intention to treat analysis was conducted. The primary outcome was fever clearance time, the secondary outcome was overall treatment failure (clinical or microbiological failure, development of typhoid fever-related complications, relapse or faecal carriage of S. typhi). PRINCIPAL
findingsWe enrolled 358 children and adults with suspected typhoid fever. There was no death in the study. 287 patients had blood culture confirmed typhoid fever, 145 patients received gatifloxacin and 142 patients received azithromycin. The median FCT was 106 hours in both treatment arms (95% Confidence Interval [CI]; 94-118 hours for gatifloxacin versus 88-112 hours for azithromycin), (logrank test p = 0.984, HR [95% CI] = 1.0 [0.80-1.26]). Overall treatment failure occurred in 13/145 (9%) patients in the gatifloxacin group and 13/140 (9.3%) patients in the azithromycin group, (logrank test p = 0.854, HR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.43-2.0]). 96% (254/263) of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and 58% (153/263) were multidrug resistant.
conclusionsBoth antibiotics showed an excellent efficacy and safety profile. Both gatifloxacin and azithromycin can be recommended for the treatment of typhoid fever particularly in regions with high rates of multidrug and nalidixic acid resistance. The cost of a 7-day treatment course of gatifloxacin is approximately one third of the cost of azithromycin in Vietnam.
trial registrationControlled-Trials.com ISRCTN67946944.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.