ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
The evolution of multiple isotypic IgM heavy chain genes in the shark.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-Throughput BLI for One-Step Anti-International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Evolution of T cell receptor beta loci in salmonids.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Multi-tissue scRNA-seq reveals immune cell landscape of turbot (Fundamental research · 2022Article
- Heavy chain-only antibody genes in fish evolved to generate unique CDR3 repertoire.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Mystifying Molecular Structure, Expression and Repertoire Diversity of IgM Heavy Chain Genes (Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Nurse shark T-cell receptors employ somatic hypermutation preferentially to alter alpha/delta variable segments associated with alpha constant region.European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Ancient Use of Ig Variable Domains Contributes Significantly to the TCRδ Repertoire.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- Assembly and Expression of Shark Ig Genes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Review
- Biased Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Usage in the Shark.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Intraclass diversification of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the African lungfish.Immunogenetics · 2014Article
- Shark IgW C region diversification through RNA processing and isotype switching.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Origin of immunoglobulin isotype switching.Current biology : CB · 2012Article
- The multiple shark Ig H chain genes rearrange and hypermutate autonomously.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2011Article
- Factors important in evolutionary shaping of immunoglobulin gene loci.Immunome research · 2010Article
- Error-prone DNA repair activity during somatic hypermutation in shark B lymphocytes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Characterization of arrangement and expression of the T cell receptor gamma locus in the sandbar shark.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2009Article
- Immunoglobulin heavy chain exclusion in the shark.PLoS biology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The IgM H chain gene organization of cartilaginous fishes consists of 15-200 miniloci, each with a few gene segments (V(H)-D1-D2-J(H)) and one C gene. This is a gene arrangement ancestral to the complex IgH locus that exists in all other vertebrate classes. To understand the molecular evolution of this system, we studied the nurse shark, which has relatively fewer loci, and characterized the IgH isotypes for organization, functionality, and the somatic diversification mechanisms that act upon them. Gene numbers differ slightly between individuals ( approximately 15), but five active IgM subclasses are always present. Each gene undergoes rearrangement that is strictly confined within the minilocus; in B cells there is no interaction between adjacent loci located > or =120 kb apart. Without combinatorial events, the shark IgM H chain repertoire is based on junctional diversity and, subsequently, somatic hypermutation. We suggest that the significant contribution by junctional diversification reflects the selected novelty introduced by RAG in the early vertebrate ancestor, whereas combinatorial diversity coevolved with the complex translocon organization. Moreover, unlike other cartilaginous fishes, there are no germline-joined VDJ at any nurse shark mu locus, and we suggest that such genes, when functional, are species-specific and may have specialized roles. With an entire complement of IgM genes available for the first time, phylogenetic analyses were performed to examine how the multiple Ig loci evolved. We found that all domains changed at comparable rates, but V(H) appears to be under strong positive selection for increased amino acid sequence diversity, and surprisingly, so does Cmicro2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.