ArticleThe Biochemical journal1991
Ectocytosis caused by sublytic autologous complement attack on human neutrophils. The sorting of endogenous plasma-membrane proteins and lipids into shed vesicles.
Article in The Biochemical journal, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Towards a systematic understanding of the diverse subtypes, biogenesis and functions of large extracellular vesicles.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Adhesion GPCR-induced ectocytosis mediates intercellular GPCR signal propagation.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Spatially Modulated Irradiation Alters Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Cargo in Rat Glioma and Astrocyte Models.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Cryo-Structural Insights into Enzymatic Peptide Self-Assembly Driving Extrinsic Lytic Cell Death.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Microvesicles, exosomes and their combinations with cytoplasmic organelles: from their discovery to their innovative roles in clinical medicine.Biology direct · 2026Review
- Neutrophil-macrophage crosstalk network in acute lung injury: feedback circuits linking cytokine storm and cell death.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Circadian regulation of extracellular vesicle biogenesis, composition, and release.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Breast Cancer Cells: Emerging Biomarkers of Tumor Progression and Metastasis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in tumor immunity: mechanisms and novel insights.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Acidity and hypoxia of tumor microenvironment, a positive interplay in extracellular vesicle release by tumor cells.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- Energetic Stress-Induced Metabolic Regulation by Extracellular Vesicles.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Article
- Ectocytosis renders T cell receptor signaling self-limiting at the immune synapse.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Emerging Roles of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Shining the light on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in breast cancer.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Review
- Liquid Biopsy in Organ Damage: small extracellular vesicle chip-based assessment of polytrauma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During sublytic complement attack on human neutrophils, plasma-membrane vesicles are shed from the cell surface as a cell-protection mechanism. By using surface-iodinated neutrophils it was found that less than 2% of surface label was recovered in shed vesicles under conditions where 40% of complement component C9 was shed. SDS/PAGE of 125I-labelled shed vesicles and plasma membranes showed differences in iodination pattern, demonstrating the sorting of membrane proteins into the shed vesicles. Analysis of 32P-labelled phospholipids after labeling of neutrophils with [32P]Pi before sublytic complement attack showed the presence of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and polyphosphoinositides in shed vesicles. Quantitative analysis using [3H]acetic anhydride-labelling method showed that the molar proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin were the same in shed vesicles as in plasma membranes. In contrast, the molar proportions of cholesterol and diacylglycerol relative to sphingomyelin were almost twice those found in plasma membranes. The data demonstrate the existence of protein and lipid sorting mechanisms during the formation of shed vesicles when neutrophils are subject to sublytic complement attack. The term 'ectocytosis' is proposed to describe triggered shedding of right-side-out membrane vesicles from the surface of eukaryotic cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.