ArticleJournal of bacteriology2008
The evolution of class 1 integrons and the rise of antibiotic resistance.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 492 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prioritization of Critical Factors for Surveillance of the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Genomic architecture of antimicrobial resistance and mobile genetic elements inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Pathogenome and Plasmid-Borne Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes in a Multidrug-Resistant O111:H8 Shiga Toxin-ProducingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- GlobalEnvironmental science and ecotechnology · 2026Article
- Emerging Dissemination of blaMicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- A One Health view of antimicrobial resistance in North Africa: Meta-analysis of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae across sectors.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Quaternary Ammonium Biocide Resistance in Non-TyphoidalVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Trade-off between canonical and unusual recombination sites promotes diversity and stability of gene cassette arrays of mobile integrons.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Host range and antibiotic resistance dissemination are shaped by distinct survival strategies of conjugative plasmids.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Variations in carbapenem resistance associated with the VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase across theMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Coexistence of aInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Profiling of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Genotype-Phenotype Associations inInternational journal of food science · 2026Article
- Environmental pollutants as modifiers of antimicrobial resistance risk across food systems: a One Health perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Adaptative and ancient co-evolution of integrons withMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- High abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes in chicken flocks receiving antimicrobial treatment in Vietnamese poultry production.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Lack of Association BetweenAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance in Polar Aquatic Ecosystems.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metatranscriptomic time series insight into antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in wastewater systems under antibiotic selective pressure.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- A CRISPR-Cas9 system protecting E. coli against acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of genetic context ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Class 1 integrons are central players in the worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance, because they can capture and express diverse resistance genes. In addition, they are often embedded in promiscuous plasmids and transposons, facilitating their lateral transfer into a wide range of pathogens. Understanding the origin of these elements is important for the practical control of antibiotic resistance and for exploring how lateral gene transfer can seriously impact on, and be impacted by, human activities. We now show that class 1 integrons can be found on the chromosomes of nonpathogenic soil and freshwater Betaproteobacteria. Here they exhibit structural and sequence diversity, an absence of antibiotic resistance genes, and a phylogenetic signature of lateral transfer. Some examples are almost identical to the core of the class 1 integrons now found in pathogens, leading us to conclude that environmental Betaproteobacteria were the original source of these genetic elements. Because these elements appear to be readily mobilized, their lateral transfer into human commensals and pathogens was inevitable, especially given that Betaproteobacteria carrying class 1 integrons are common in natural environments that intersect with the human food chain. The strong selection pressure imposed by the human use of antimicrobial compounds then ensured their fixation and global spread into new species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.