ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2008
Physical violence among a prospective cohort of injection drug users: a gender-focused approach.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intimate relationships and patterns of drug and sexual risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan: A latent class analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Recommendations to Enhance Engagement in Perinatal Research With People Who Inject Drugs.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- The Drug Market's Impact on the Overdose Risk Environment for Women Who Use Drugs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Gender differences in the association between housing status and violence among people who report exposure to benzodiazepines.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Use of clinic- and community-based overdose prevention services by sex workers who use drugs: findings from a community-based cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2017-2024).Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- THE GENDER SEGREGATION OF PRECARIOUS WORK CONTEXTS AMONG PEOPLE WHO USE DRUGS.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- The association between benzodiazepine proliferation in the unregulated drug supply and experiences of violence: A gender-based analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Material hardship, forced displacement, and negative health outcomes among unhoused people who use drugs in Los Angeles, California and Denver, Colorado: a latent class analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Material Hardship, Forced Displacement, and Negative Health Outcomes Among Unhoused People Who Use Drugs in Los Angeles, California and Denver, Colorado: A Latent Class Analysis.Research square · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Heavy Alcohol use among People Living with HIV who use Unregulated Drugs in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Experiences of violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting: a gender-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Prospective study of retention in opioid agonist treatment and contact with emergency healthcare following release from prisons in Victoria, Australia.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2023Observational
- Exploring multilevel determinants of co-occurring violence, HIV, mental health and substance use problems.Journal of ethnic & cultural diversity in social work · 2023Article
- Cohort Profile: The Assessing Economic Transitions (ASSET) Study-A Community-Based Mixed-Methods Study of Economic Engagement among Inner-City Residents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Housing instability and violence among women who use drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Multiple Victimizations and Overdose Among Women With a History of Illicit Drug Use.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Structural, everyday, and symbolic violence and the heightened vulnerability to HIV of women who use drugs in Tanzania.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2021Article
- Material security as a measure of poverty: a validation study with people who use drugs.Social indicators research · 2021Article
- Assisted injection provider practices and motivations in Los Angeles and San Francisco California 2016-18.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Changing Patterns of Alcohol Use and Probability of Unsuppressed Viral Load Among Treated Patients with HIV Engaged in Routine Care in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although dramatically heightened rates of violence have been observed among injection drug users (IDU), little is known about the gender differences associated with violence among this population. Employing a risk environment framework, we performed an analysis of the factors associated with experiencing violence among participants enrolled in a prospective cohort study of IDU during the years 1996-2005 using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Among 1114 individuals, 291 (66%) of females and 470 (70%) of males reported experiencing violence during the study period. In multivariate analyses, mental illness, frequent alcohol use, frequent crack use, homelessness, Downtown Eastside residency, and requiring help injecting were positively associated with experiencing violence for both sexes (all p<0.05). For females, binge drug use (AOR=1.30) and drug dealing (AOR=1.42) were positively associated with violence, while younger age (AOR=1.02), frequent heroin injection (AOR=1.24), and incarceration (AOR=1.50) were significant for males. Women were more likely to be attacked by acquaintances, partners, and sex trade clients, while men were more likely to experience violence from strangers and the police. These findings indicate that susceptibility to violence among IDU is structured by environmental factors such as homelessness and drug-related factors such as frequent alcohol use and involvement in drug economies. Furthermore, important gender differences with respect to the predictors and characteristics of violent attacks do exist. These findings indicate an urgent need for the development of comprehensive programs and structural interventions that take a gender-focused approach to violence among IDU.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.