ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2009
Age-related gene expression in Tourette syndrome.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the functions of NKG7 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during malaria.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Molecular Landscape of Tourette's Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Aetiology of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a multicentre study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Article
- European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS): protocol for two cohort studies to assess risk factors for tic onset and exacerbation in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- TS-EUROTRAIN: A European-Wide Investigation and Training Network on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2016Article
- Article
- Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): An Evolving Concept.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
- Genetic susceptibility and neurotransmitters in Tourette syndrome.International review of neurobiology · 2013Review
- Use of peripheral blood transcriptome biomarkers for epilepsy prediction.Neuroscience letters · 2011Review
- Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of tic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a prospective longitudinal study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2011Article
- Exon expression and alternatively spliced genes in Tourette Syndrome.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2011Article
- Tourette syndrome: gene expression as a tool to discover drug targets.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2010Review
- Identification and validation of suitable endogenous reference genes for gene expression studies in human peripheral blood.BMC medical genomics · 2009Article
- Immunopathogenic mechanisms in tourette syndrome: A critical review.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Because infection and immune responses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome (TS), we hypothesized that children with TS would have altered gene expression in blood compared to controls. In addition, because TS symptoms in childhood vary with age, we tested whether gene expression changes that occur with age in TS differ from normal control children. Whole blood was obtained from 30 children and adolescents with TS and 28 healthy children and adolescents matched for age, race, and gender. Gene expression (RNA) was assessed using whole genome Affymetrix microarrays. Age was analyzed as a continuous covariate and also stratified into three groups: 5-9 (common age for tic onset), 10-12 (when tics often peak), and 13-16 (tics may begin to wane). No global differences were found between TS and controls. However, expression of many genes and multiple pathways differed between TS and controls within each age group (5-9, 10-12, and 13-16), including genes involved in the immune-synapse, and proteasome- and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways. Notably, across age strata, expression of interferon response, viral processing, natural killer and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cell genes differed. Our findings suggest age-related interferon, immune and protein degradation gene expression differences between TS and controls.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.