ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2009
Smoking and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers: an update.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of smoking and breast cancer risk: by age of smoking initiation.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Pooled it
- Modifiable risk factors in women at high risk of breast cancer: a systematic review.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Pooled it
- Modifiers of cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2014Pooled it
- Lifestyle Factors and Breast Cancer in Females with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS).Cancers · 2024Article
- Health Behavior and Cancer Prevention among Adults with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and Relatives in Germany-A Cohort Description.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Can harmful lifestyle, obesity and weight changes increase the risk of breast cancer in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers? A Mini review.Hereditary cancer in clinical practice · 2021Review
- Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Risk of Breast Cancer forCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Review
- The association between smoking and cancer incidence in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
- Cigarette smoking in women after BRCA1/2 genetic test disclosure: a 5-year follow-up study of the GENEPSO PS cohort.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2015Article
- Cigarette smoking and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort.British journal of cancer · 2014Article
- BRCA1 polymorphisms and breast cancer epidemiology in the Western New York exposures and breast cancer (WEB) study.Genetic epidemiology · 2013Article
- A multichannel Markov random field framework for tumor segmentation with an application to classification of gene expression-based breast cancer recurrence risk.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2013Article
- FGFR2 intronic SNPs and breast cancer risk: associations with tumor characteristics and interactions with exogenous exposures and other known breast cancer risk factors.International journal of cancer · 2011Article
- Detoxification: a novel function of BRCA1 in tumor suppression?Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2011Article
- Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in women participating in the Black Women's Health Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 15 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Among women with a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, the risk of breast cancer is high, but it may be modified by exogenous and endogenous factors. There is concern that exposure to carcinogens in cigarette smoke may increase the risk of cancer in mutation carriers. We conducted a matched case-control study of 2,538 cases of breast cancer among women with a BRCA1 (n = 1,920) or a BRCA2 (n = 618) mutation. One non-affected mutation carrier control was selected for each case, matched on mutation, country of birth, and year of birth. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for oral contraceptive use and parity. Ever-smoking was not associated with an increased breast cancer risk among BRCA1 carriers (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 0.95-1.24) or among BRCA2 carriers (OR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.63-1.05). The result did not differ when cases were restricted to women who completed the questionnaire within two years of diagnosis. A modest, but significant increase in risk was seen among BRCA1 carriers with a past history of smoking (OR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.06-1.50), but not among current smokers (OR = 0.95; 0.81-1.12). There appears to be no increase in the risk of breast cancer associated with current smoking in BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers. There is a possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer among BRCA1 carriers associated with past smoking. There may be different effects of carcinogens in BRCA mutation carriers, depending upon the timing of exposure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.