Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18482424›Full record

Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2008

Effects of voucher-based incentives on abstinence from cigarette smoking and fetal growth among pregnant women.

Sarah H Heil, Stephen T Higgins, Ira M Bernstein, Laura J Solomon, Randall E Rogers, Colleen S Thomas, Gary J Badger, Mary Ellen Lynch

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01801384 nacompletednot on this map

Phase 2 Study of the Efficacy of Voucher-Based Incentives to Treat Pregnant Smokers

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of VermontRan2006 to 2011Enrolled166ConditionsEfficacy of Financial IncentivesArmsVoucher-based incentives
NCT03139019 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Medicaid Incentives for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Diabetes Prevention

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PennsylvaniaRan2014 to 2016Enrolled596ConditionsDiabetes PreventionArmsProcess incentives, Outcome incentives, Process and Outcome incentives
NCT05656287 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

My Mobile Wallet: An Intervention to Support Access to Tuberculosis Care and Medication Adherence in Rural Uganda

TypeinterventionalSponsorMbarara University of Science and TechnologyRan2022 to 2026Enrolled242ConditionsTuberculosisArmsSMS texts + incentives + Wisepill device for medication monitoring, SMS texts only + Wisepill device for medication monitoring, Wisepill device for medication monitoring only
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

118 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Guideline
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  5. Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
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  8. Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  9. Competitions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  10. Associations of maternal obesity and smoking status with perinatal outcomes.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2018
    Pooled it
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  17. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009
    Pooled it
  18. Contingency Management Versus Psychotherapy for Prenatal Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health
    Pooled it
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sarah H HeilDepartments of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. sarah.heil@uvm.edu
Stephen T Higgins
Ira M Bernstein
Laura J Solomon
Randall E Rogers
Colleen S Thomas
Gary J Badger
Mary Ellen Lynch

Funding

Voucher-based incentives to treat pregnant smokersR01DA014028 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 2001 to 2010
$6.0M
NCRR NIH HHS GCRC M01RR109NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA014028NIDA NIH HHS R01DA14028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis study examined whether voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) contingent upon smoking abstinence during pregnancy is an effective method for decreasing maternal smoking during pregnancy and improving fetal growth. DESIGN, SETTING AND

participantsA two-condition, parallel-groups, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a university-based research clinic. A total of 82 smokers entering prenatal care participated in the trial.

interventionParticipants were assigned randomly to either contingent or non-contingent voucher conditions. Vouchers exchangeable for retail items were available during pregnancy and for 12 weeks postpartum. In the contingent condition, vouchers were earned for biochemically verified smoking abstinence; in the non-contingent condition, vouchers were earned independent of smoking status. MEASUREMENTS: Smoking outcomes were evaluated using urine-toxicology testing and self-report. Fetal growth outcomes were evaluated using serial ultrasound examinations performed during the third trimester.

findingsContingent vouchers significantly increased point-prevalence abstinence at the end-of-pregnancy (41% versus 10%) and at the 12-week postpartum assessment (24% versus 3%). Serial ultrasound examinations indicated significantly greater growth in terms of estimated fetal weight, femur length and abdominal circumference in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions.

conclusionsThese results provide further evidence that VBRT has a substantive contribution to make to efforts to decrease maternal smoking during pregnancy and provide new evidence of positive effects on fetal health.

Indexed as

MotivationPregnancySmoking PreventionAdultBreath TestsFemaleFetal DevelopmentHealth PromotionHumansPatient ComplianceSmokingSmoking CessationToken EconomyTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID18482424
PMCPMC2731575

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.