ArticleThe ISME journal2008
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses type III secretion system to kill biofilm-associated amoebae.
Article in The ISME journal, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilm communities: a systematic review.Parasitology research · 2021Pooled it
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa in premise plumbing of large buildings.MicrobiologyOpen · 2016Pooled it
- Metagenomic insights into mechanisms of coral larval settlement induction and inhibition by marine biofilms.Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic diversification ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Injectisome assembly primesmBio · 2026Article
- Effects of prey quality through the life cycle of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2026Article
- GlnK Regulates the Type III Secretion System by Modulating NtrB-NtrC Homeostasis inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Small excretory-secretory proteins of Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 upregulate the expression of capsule-associated genes via the Rcs two-component system in Klebsiella pneumoniae.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Temporal and Spatial Survey on the Abundance of Amoebae and Bacteria in an Estuary and the Role of Environmental Parameters.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- Experimental assessment of interactions between marine bacteria and model protists: from predator-prey relationships to bacterial-mediated lysis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Beyond pathogenicity: the immunomodulatory role of the type III secretion system in beneficial plant-microbe interactions.Open biology · 2025Review
- Review
- The Epistemology of Bacterial Virulence Factor Characterization.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Examining the influence of environmental factors on Acanthamoeba castellanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in co-culture.PloS one · 2024Article
- Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm resists Acanthamoeba sp. grazing and produces 8-O-4'-diferulic acid, a superoxide scavenging metabolite after passage through the amoeba.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Associational Resistance to Predation by Protists in a Mixed Species Biofilm.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Bacterial Antagonistic Species of the Pathogenic GenusMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Microbial Interactions - Underexplored Links Between Public Health Relevant Bacteria and Protozoa in Coastal Environments.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mobbing-Like Behavior against Acanthamoeba castellanii Bacterivore and Its Rapid Control by Quorum Sensing and Environmental Cues.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria and protozoa coexist in a wide range of biofilm communities of natural, technical and medical importance. Generally, this interaction is characterized by the extensive grazing activity of protozoa on bacterial prey populations. We hypothesized that the close spatial coexistence in biofilms should allow opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to utilize their eukaryote-targeting arsenal to attack and exploit protozoan host cells. Studying cocultures of the environmental pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii, we found that P. aeruginosa rapidly colonized and killed biofilm-associated amoebae by a quorum-sensing independent mechanism. Analysis of the amoeba-induced transcriptome indicated the involvement of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) in this interaction. A comparison of mutants with specific defects in the T3SS demonstrated the use of the secretion apparatus and the effectors ExoU, ExoS and ExoT in the killing process, of which ExoU had the greatest impact. T3SS-mediated virulence towards A. castellanii was found to be controlled by the global regulators RpoN and RpoS and through modulation of cAMP and alginate biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that conserved virulence pathways and specifically the T3SS play a central role in bacteria-protozoa interactions in biofilms and may be instrumental for the environmental persistence and evolution of opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.