Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2008
Pulmonary adaptations to swim and inspiratory muscle training.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of respiratory muscle training on swimming performance, respiratory muscle function, and pulmonary function of competitive swimmers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of respiratory muscle training on swimming performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review.Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of four weeks of inspiratory muscle training with different resistance modalities on pulmonary function and specialized athletic ability in synchronized swimmers: a randomised trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function and aerobic capacity in sedentary adolescents: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effects of 4-Week Inspiratory Muscle Training on Sport Performance in College 800-Meter Track Runners.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Trial
- The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training on the Pulmonary Function, Lung Ventilation, and Endurance Performance of Young Soccer Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Eight Weeks of Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Pulmonary Function in Disabled Swimmers-A Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- The effects of 8 weeks of inspiratory muscle training on the balance of healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Physiological reports · 2019Trial
- Inspiratory muscle training improves exercise capacity with thoracic load carriage.Physiological reports · 2018Trial
- Inspiratory muscle training improves 100 and 200 m swimming performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2010Trial
- Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Pulmonary Function and Dynamic Balance in Young Adult Smokers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Inspiratory Muscle Training Included in Therapeutic and Training Regimens for Middle-Distance Runners.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Respiratory muscle training improves aerobic capacity and respiratory muscle strength in youth wrestlers.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Changes in Race Performance During the Underwater Phases of a 200 m Bi-Fins Race Simulation After Application of Respiratory Muscle Training-A Case Study in the Current World Record Holder.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring Indicators for Training Load Control in Young Swimmers: The Role of Inspiratory Spirometry Outcomes.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Functional assessment of respiratory muscles and lung capacity of CrossFit athletes.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Time to Move Beyond a "One-Size Fits All" Approach to Inspiratory Muscle Training.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Training Load Influences the Response to Inspiratory Muscle Training.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Because the anomalous respiratory characteristics of competitive swimmers have been suggested to be due to inspiratory muscle work, the respiratory muscle and pulmonary function of 30 competitively trained swimmers was assessed at the beginning and end of an intensive 12-week swim training (ST) program. Swimmers (n = 10) combined ST with either inspiratory muscle training (IMT) set at 80% sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (SMIP) with progressively increased work-rest ratios until task failure for 3-days per week (ST + IMT) or ST with sham-IMT (ST + SHAM-IMT, n = 10), or acted as controls (ST only, ST, n = 10). Measures of respiratory and pulmonary function were assessed at the beginning and end of the 12 week study period. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in respiratory and pulmonary function between groups (ST + IMT, ST + SHAM-IMT and ST) at baseline and at the end of the 12 week study period. However, within all groups significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in a number of respiratory and pulmonary function variables at the end of the 12 week study, such as maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, inspiratory power output, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory and inspiratory volume in 1-s, total lung capacity and diffusion capacity of the lung. This study has demonstrated that there are no appreciable differences in terms of respiratory changes between elite swimmers undergoing a competitive ST program and those undergoing respiratory muscle training using the flow-resistive IMT device employed in the present study; as yet, the causal mechanisms involved are undefined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18478253What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.