ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2008
Occult persistence and lymphotropism of hepatitis C virus infection.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus infections: current trends, and recent advances in understanding the spread in men who have sex with men.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Pooled it
- From Antigenic Drive to Clonal Autonomy: An Update on Molecular Mechanisms of HCV-Related B-Cell Lymphomagenesis.Cancers · 2026Review
- Quasispecies Changes with Distinctive Point Mutations in the Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Derived from PBMCs and Plasma.Advances in virology · 2018Article
- Preferential association of hepatitis C virus with CD19Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2016Article
- Specialization of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoproteins for B Lymphocytes in Chronically Infected Patients.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- CD4+ primary T cells expressing HCV-core protein upregulate Foxp3 and IL-10, suppressing CD4 and CD8 T cells.PloS one · 2014Article
- Investigation of residual hepatitis C virus in presumed recovered subjects.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Article
- Occult hepatitis C virus infection in candidates for liver transplant with cryptogenic cirrhosis.Hepatitis monthly · 2013Article
- Hepatitis viruses and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A review.World journal of virology · 2012Review
- Molecular signatures of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII).Viruses · 2012Review
- The altered expression of α1 and β3 subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor is related to the hepatitis C virus infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2012Article
- Prevalence and follow-up of occult HCV infection in an Italian population free of clinically detectable infectious liver disease.PloS one · 2012Article
- Biological significance of HCV in various kinds of lymphoid cells.International journal of microbiology · 2012Article
- HCV proteins and immunoglobulin variable gene (IgV) subfamilies in HCV-induced type II mixed cryoglobulinemia: a concurrent pathogenetic role.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with hepatitis C related systemic vasculitis receiving intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide.Clinical rheumatology · 2011Article
- HCV infection and B-cell lymphomagenesis.Advances in hematology · 2011Article
- Occult HCV infection: an unexpected finding in a population unselected for hepatic disease.PloS one · 2009Article
- Genetic characterization of hepatitis B virus in peripheral blood leukocytes: evidence for selection and compartmentalization of viral variants with the immune escape G145R mutation.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- Coinfection with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus: virological, immunological, and clinical outcomes.Journal of virology · 2009Review
- Hepatitis C virus lymphotropism and peculiar immunological phenotype: effects on natural history and antiviral therapy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent discovery of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection persisting after spontaneous or antiviral therapy-induced resolution of hepatitis C was made possible by the introduction of nucleic acid amplification assays capable of detecting HCV RNA at sensitivities superseding those offered by clinical tests. Although individuals with this seemingly silent HCV infection are usually anti-HCV antibody reactive and have normal liver function tests, occult HCV infection has also been reported in anti-HCV-negative individuals with persistently elevated liver enzymes of unknown etiology. Studies have shown that HCV RNA can persist for years in serum, lymphomononuclear cells and liver in the absence of clinical symptoms, although histological evidence of a mild inflammatory liver injury can be occasionally encountered. Furthermore, while HCV RNA can be detected in circulating lymphoid cells in approximately 30% of cases, a short-term culture under stimulatory conditions augments HCV replication in these cells allowing detection of virus in otherwise HCV-negative cases. HCV infects different immune cell subsets, including CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B cells and monocytes. Studies employing clonal sequencing and single-stranded conformational polymorphism analyses have revealed unique HCV variants residing in immune cells, further strengthening the notion of HCV lymphotropism. Overall, the data accumulated suggest that occult HCV infection is a common consequence of resolution of symptomatic hepatitis C and that examination of the cells of the immune system is an effective approach to diagnosis of HCV infection and its long-term persistence. Further work is required to fully realize pathogenic and epidemiological consequences of occult HCV persistence.
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