ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2008
Inhalable large porous microspheres of low molecular weight heparin: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Microsponge Drug Delivery Systems: Advancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-Inflammatory Medications.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Inhaled predatory bacteria-loaded large porous microspheres to eradicate drug-resistantMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Formulation of Resveratrol-Loaded Polycaprolactone Inhalable Microspheres Using Tween 80 as an Emulsifier: Factorial Design and Optimization.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Impact of porous microsponges in minimizing myotoxic side effects of simvastatin.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Novel Pulmonary Delivery of Drugs for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2023Review
- An Update on Advancements and Challenges in Inhalational Drug Delivery for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Pulmonary Targeting of Levofloxacin Using Microsphere-Based Dry Powder Inhalation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The future of dry powder inhaled therapy: Promising or discouraging for systemic disorders?International journal of pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Controlled Pulmonary Delivery of Carrier-Free Budesonide Dry Powder by Atomic Layer Deposition.ACS nano · 2021Article
- Thrombolytic Agents: Nanocarriers in Controlled Release.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2020Review
- Inhibition of Glioma Cells' Proliferation by Doxorubicin-Loaded Exosomes via Microfluidics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Article
- Preparation and Characterization of a Dry Powder Inhaler Composed of PLGA Large Porous Particles Encapsulating Gentamicin Sulfate.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2019Article
- Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins: Reduced Size Particulate Systems for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Repurposing rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist and oral antidiabetic, as an inhaled formulation, for the treatment of PAH.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Article
- Passive targeting and lung tolerability of enoxaparin microspheres for a sustained antithrombotic activity in rats.Drug delivery · 2017Article
- Inhaled sildenafil as an alternative to oral sildenafil in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
- Inhalable oridonin-loaded poly(lactic-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2017Article
- Enhanced efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride encapsulated in PLA/PLGA based nanoparticle system for oral delivery.IET nanobiotechnology · 2016Article
- Aerosol Delivery of siRNA to the Lungs. Part 1: Rationale for Gene Delivery Systems.Kona : powder science and technology in Japan · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study tests the feasibility of large porous particles as long-acting carriers for pulmonary delivery of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Microspheres were prepared with a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), by a double-emulsion-solvent-evaporation technique. The drug entrapment efficiencies of the microspheres were increased by modifying them with three different additivespolyethyleneimine (PEI), Span 60 and stearylamine. The resulting microspheres were evaluated for morphology, size, zeta potential, density, in vitro drug-release properties, cytotoxicity, and for pulmonary absorption in vivo. Scanning electron microscopic examination suggests that the porosity of the particles increased with the increase in aqueous volume fraction. The amount of aqueous volume fraction and the type of core-modifying agent added to the aqueous interior had varying degrees of effect on the size, density and aerodynamic diameter of the particles. When PEI was incorporated in the internal aqueous phase, the entrapment efficiency was increased from 16.22+/-1.32% to 54.82+/-2.79%. The amount of drug released in the initial burst phase and the release-rate constant for the core-modified microspheres were greater than those for the plain microspheres. After pulmonary administration, the half-life of the drug from the PEI- and stearylamine-modified microspheres was increased by 5- to 6-fold compared to the drug entrapped in plain microspheres. The viability of Calu-3 cells was not adversely affected when incubated with the microspheres. Overall, the data presented here suggest that the newly developed porous microspheres of LMWH have the potential to be used in a form deliverable by dry-powder inhaler as an alternative to multiple parenteral administrations of LMWH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.