ReviewTrends in immunology2008
CTLA-4 trafficking and surface expression.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research landscape, thematic evolution, and translational insights of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: a bibliometric analysis (2006-2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- CTLA-4 as a genetic determinant in autoimmune Addison's disease.Genes and immunity · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Genetic Heterogeneity of Inborn Errors of Immunity Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing: Insights from a Russian Patient Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer Therapy and the Potential of RNAi-Based Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Review
- AMD3100 modulates the secretome responses of human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells but not their inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Activation and lineage specific Lag3 expression dynamics in T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Modifying Immune Checkpoint in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- Novel pathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Immune Checkpoints and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Clinical, Genetic, and Immunological Spectrum of CHAI and LATAIE Patients from a Tertiary Referral Centre in India.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CTLA4 genetic variants influence immune regulation and susceptibility of HPV associated cervical cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Macrophages regulate PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on ILC2s and their responsiveness in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Adebrelimab combined with anlotinib plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy or intravenous chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer: protocol for a randomized open-label clinical study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Preclinical development of an mRNA-based multiepitope immunotherapeutic for glioblastoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Decoding the Tumor Microenvironment: Insights and New Targets from Single-Cell Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Negative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The T-cell co-receptor cytotoxic T-cell antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has a strong inhibitory role as shown by the lymphoproliferative phenotype of CTLA-4-deficient mice. Despite its potent effects on T-cell function, CTLA-4 is primarily an intracellular antigen whose surface expression is tightly regulated by restricted trafficking to the cell surface and rapid internalisation. Recently, several signalling molecules such as Trim, PLD, ARF-1 and TIRC7 have been described to be involved in the transport of CTLA-4 to the cell surface. Minor changes in surface expression levels have major effects on the outcome of T-cell activation. Optimal regulation of CTLA-4 surface expression is crucial for the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals to maximize protective immune responses while maintaining immunological tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.