ArticleThe American journal of pathology2008
Longitudinal in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of infected and activated brain macrophages in a macaque model of human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis correlates with central and peripheral markers of encephalitis and areas of synaptic degeneration.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses prior to ART interruption extends time to SIVmac239 rebound.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Adeno-associated viral delivery of Env-specific antibodies prevents SIV rebound after discontinuing antiretroviral therapy.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Microglia and macrophages alterations in the CNS during acute SIV infection: A single-cell analysis in rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Effect of metabolic status on response to SIV infection and antiretroviral therapy in nonhuman primates.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Impact of alemtuzumab-mediated lymphocyte depletion on SIV reservoir establishment and persistence.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Adeno-associated viral delivery of Env-specific antibodies prevents SIV rebound after discontinuing antiretroviral therapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Microglia and macrophages alterations in the CNS during acute SIV infection: a single-cell analysis in rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The ingenol-based protein kinase C agonist GSK445A is a potent inducer of HIV and SIV RNA transcription.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Advances in SIV/SHIV Non-Human Primate Models of NeuroAIDS.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- CD8+ T cells fail to limit SIV reactivation following ART withdrawal until after viral amplification.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- FRugally Optimized DNA Octomer (FRODO) qPCR Measurement of HIV and SIV in Human and Nonhuman Primate Samples.Current protocols · 2021Article
- Development of a reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) assay for sensitive detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).Virology journal · 2021Article
- Brain tissue transcriptomic analysis of SIV-infected macaques identifies several altered metabolic pathways linked to neuropathogenesis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) as potential therapeutic targets.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Article
- Concentration, distribution, and influence of aging on the 18 kDa translocator protein in human brain: Implications for brain imaging studies.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Article
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- Development and optimization of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay.PloS one · 2020Article
- A live-attenuated RhCMV/SIV vaccine shows long-term efficacy against heterologous SIV challenge.Science translational medicine · 2019Article
- Early antiretroviral therapy limits SIV reservoir establishment to delay or prevent post-treatment viral rebound.Nature medicine · 2018Article
- Gammaherpesvirus infection and malignant disease in rhesus macaques experimentally infected with SIV or SHIV.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Persistence of SIV in the brain of SIV-infected Chinese rhesus macaques with or without antiretroviral therapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis is characterized by infiltration of the brain with infected and activated macrophages; however, it is not known why disease occurs after variable lengths of infection in 25% of immunosuppressed acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. We determined in vivo correlates (in peripheral blood and the central nervous system) for the development and progression of lentiviral encephalitis by longitudinally following infected and activated macrophages in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET). Using human postmortem brain tissues from both lentivirus-infected encephalitic patients and cell culture systems, we showed that the PET ligand [(3)H](R)-PK11195 bound specifically to virus-infected and activated macrophages. We longitudinally imaged infected and activated brain macrophages in a cohort of macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus using [(11)C](R)-PK11195. [(11)C](R)-PK11195 retention in vivo in the brain correlated with viral burden in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, and with regions of both presynaptic and postsynaptic damage. Finally, longitudinal changes in [(11)C](R)-PK11195 retention in the brain in vivo correlated with changes in circulating monocytes as well as in both natural killer and memory CD4(+) T cells in the periphery. Our results suggest that development and progression of simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis in vivo correlates with changes in specific cell subtypes in the periphery. A combination of PET imaging and the assessment of these peripheral immune parameters may facilitate longitudinal assessment of lentiviral encephalitis in living patients as well as evaluation of therapeutic efficacies.
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