ArticleThe Journal of physiology2008
Recovery of mouse neuromuscular junctions from single and repeated injections of botulinum neurotoxin A.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Ageing-induced weakness of mouse NMJs is associated with reduced active zone density, synaptic event kinetics and presynaptic calcium entry.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Repeated Applications of Botulinum Toxin A on the Spasticity of the Upper Limb in Stroke Patient, Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of MLN9708 (ixazomib) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and in anti-AChR producing primary thymic cell cultures from myasthenia gravis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Peripheral Mechanisms Underlying Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS).Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- The YAP1/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional network regulates gene expression at neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle fibers.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Enteric Nervous System: Identification of a Novel Neuronal Sensory Network in the Duodenal Epithelium.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional study of ageing at the mouse neuromuscular junction and effects of an experimental therapeutic approach for dynapenia.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Older mice show decreased regeneration of neuromuscular junctions following lengthening contraction-induced injury.GeroScience · 2023Article
- Neuromuscular recovery from botulism involves multiple forms of compensatory plasticity.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Improvement of Pain and Function by Using Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection in Patients with an Osteoarthritic Knee with Patellar Malalignment: An Electromyographic Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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- Article
- Dissection, in vivo imaging and analysis of the mouse epitrochleoanconeus muscle.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Lasting Peripheral and Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Experimental Muscle Hypertonia in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Causes of Botulinum Toxin Treatment Failure.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Review
- Botulinum toxin injections as salvage therapy is beneficial for management of patellofemoral pain syndrome.Knee surgery & related research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) paralyses muscles by blocking acetylcholine (ACh) release from motor nerve terminals. Although highly toxic, it is used clinically to weaken muscles whose contraction is undesirable, as in dystonias. The effects of an injection of BoNT/A wear off after 3-4 months so repeated injections are often used. Recovery of neuromuscular transmission is accompanied by the formation of motor axon sprouts, some of which form new synaptic contacts. However, the functional importance of these new contacts is unknown. Using intracellular and focal extracellular recording we show that in the mouse epitrochleoanconeus (ETA), quantal release from the region of the original neuromuscular junction (NMJ) can be detected as soon as from new synaptic contacts, and generally accounts for > 80% of total release. During recovery the synaptic delay and the rise and decay times of endplate potentials (EPPs) become prolonged approximately 3-fold, but return to normal after 2-3 months. When studied after 3-4 months, the response to repetitive stimulation at frequencies up to 100 Hz is normal. When two or three injections of BoNT/A are given at intervals of 3-4 months, quantal release returns to normal values more slowly than after a single injection (11 and 15 weeks to reach 50% of control values versus 6 weeks after a single injection). In addition, branching of the intramuscular muscular motor axons, the distribution of the NMJs and the structure of many individual NMJs remain abnormal. These findings highlight the plasticity of the mammalian NMJ but also suggest important limits to it.
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