ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2008
Heroin self-administration: II. CNS gene expression following withdrawal and cue-induced drug-seeking behavior.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid craving does not incubate over time in inpatient or outpatient treatment studies: Is the preclinical incubation of craving model lost in translation?Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Incubation of oxycodone craving is associated with CP-AMPAR upregulation in D1 and A2a receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in nucleus accumbens core and shell.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Transcription factors implicated in substance use disorder, from immediate early genes to altered gene expression.Brain research · 2026Review
- Multiomic Network Analysis Identifies Dysregulated Neurobiological Pathways in Opioid Addiction.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- A Cocaine-Activated Ensemble Exerts Increased Control Over Behavior While Decreasing in Size.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- MicroRNA-mediated translational pathways are regulated in the orbitofrontal cortex and peripheral blood samples during acute abstinence from heroin self-administration.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Article
- The effects of passive and active administration of heroin, and associated conditioned stimuli, on consolidation of object memory.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum functional connectivity predicts incubation of opioid craving after voluntary abstinence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Role of nucleus accumbens microRNA-181a and MeCP2 in incubation of heroin craving in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Gene Expression Profiling in the Striatum ofBiomolecules & therapeutics · 2021Article
- Glutamatergic Systems and Memory Mechanisms Underlying Opioid Addiction.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Effect of pharmacological manipulations on Arc function.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2021Review
- Drug-activated cells: From immediate early genes to neuronal ensembles in addiction.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2021Review
- Role of Projections between Piriform Cortex and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Relapse to Fentanyl Seeking after Palatable Food Choice-Induced Voluntary Abstinence.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein, Arc/Arg3.1, influences mouse cocaine self-administration.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Epigenetic Mechanisms of Opioid Addiction.Biological psychiatry · 2020Review
- Relapse to opioid seeking in rat models: behavior, pharmacology and circuits.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol use, abuse, and dependence.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the accompanying paper, we described incubation of heroin-seeking behavior in rats following 14 days of abstinence. To gain an understanding of genomic changes that accompany this behavioral observation, we measured the expression of genes previously reported to respond to drugs of abuse. Specifically, after 1 or 14 days of abstinence, mRNA expression was measured for 11 genes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) immediately following a single 90 min extinction session. Additionally, the role of contingency was examined in control rats that received yoked, response-independent heroin administration. Gene expression was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Expression of five genes (Arc, EGR1, EGR2, Fos, and Homer1b/c) was changed in the mPFC. EGR1 and EGR2 expression was increased following the 90 min extinction session in a contingency-specific manner and this increase persisted through the 14 days of abstinence. Fos expression was also increased after 1 and 14 days of abstinence, but at 14 days this increase was response-independent (i.e., it occurred in both the rats with a history of heroin self-administration and in the yoked controls). Arc expression increased following the extinction session only in rats with a history of heroin self-administration and only when tested following 1, but not 14, days of abstinence. Homer 1 b/c decreased after 14 days of enforced abstinence in rats that received non-contingent heroin. Expression of only a single gene (EGR2) was increased in the NAc. These data demonstrate that behavioral incubation is coincident with altered levels of specific transcripts and that this response is contingently-specific. Moreover, EGR1 and EGR2 are specifically upregulated in self-administering rats following extinction and this finding persists through 14 days of abstinence, suggesting that these genes are particularly associated with the incubation phenomenon. These latter observations of persistent changes in gene expression following abstinence may reflect molecular correlates of relapse liability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.