ArticleGenome research2008
Bird-like sex chromosomes of platypus imply recent origin of mammal sex chromosomes.
Article in Genome research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers.
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Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 310 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of satellite DNAs in repeatome organization and sex chromosome evolution in the owl monkey Aotus infulatus and congeneric species.Biology direct · 2026Article
- An Extension of Muller's Sheltering Hypothesis for the Evolution of Sex Chromosome Gene Content.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Sharks and rays have the oldest vertebrate sex chromosome with unique sex determination mechanisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Convergent Evolution of Two Dopamine Receptor Genes: Repeated Evolution of Exon 6 Skipping in Drd2, and Repeated Deletion of Exon 6 in Drd3.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Article
- AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Reference genome provide insights into sex determination of silver aworana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum).BMC biology · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosome Evolution: Hallmarks and Question Marks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Review
- Incomplete transcriptional dosage compensation of chicken and platypus sex chromosomes is balanced by post-transcriptional compensation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Structural variation in humans and our primate kin in the era of telomere-to-telomere genomes and pangenomics.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2024Review
- Evolution of sex-biased genes inEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Transcript Isoform Diversity of Y Chromosome Ampliconic Genes of Great Apes Uncovered Using Long Reads and Telomere-to-Telomere Reference Genome Assemblies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Evolution and expression patterns of the neo-sex chromosomes of the crested ibis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Ancient homomorphy of molluscan sex chromosomes sustained by reversible sex-biased genes and sex determiner translocation.Nature ecology & evolution · 2022Article
- Fragmentation by major dams and implications for the future viability of platypus populations.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Why not Y naught.Heredity · 2022Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals X upregulation is not global in pre-gastrulation embryos.iScience · 2022Article
- The Evolution of Widespread Recombination Suppression on the Dwarf Hamster (Phodopus) X Chromosome.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- The Molecular and Nuclear Dynamics of X-Chromosome Inactivation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Review
- Representing sex chromosomes in genome assemblies.Cell genomics · 2022Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In therian mammals (placentals and marsupials), sex is determined by an XX female: XY male system, in which a gene (SRY) on the Y affects male determination. There is no equivalent in other amniotes, although some taxa (notably birds and snakes) have differentiated sex chromosomes. Birds have a ZW female: ZZ male system with no homology with mammal sex chromosomes, in which dosage of a Z-borne gene (possibly DMRT1) affects male determination. As the most basal mammal group, the egg-laying monotremes are ideal for determining how the therian XY system evolved. The platypus has an extraordinary sex chromosome complex, in which five X and five Y chromosomes pair in a translocation chain of alternating X and Y chromosomes. We used physical mapping to identify genes on the pairing regions between adjacent X and Y chromosomes. Most significantly, comparative mapping shows that, contrary to earlier reports, there is no homology between the platypus and therian X chromosomes. Orthologs of genes in the conserved region of the human X (including SOX3, the gene from which SRY evolved) all map to platypus chromosome 6, which therefore represents the ancestral autosome from which the therian X and Y pair derived. Rather, the platypus X chromosomes have substantial homology with the bird Z chromosome (including DMRT1) and to segments syntenic with this region in the human genome. Thus, platypus sex chromosomes have strong homology with bird, but not to therian sex chromosomes, implying that the therian X and Y chromosomes (and the SRY gene) evolved from an autosomal pair after the divergence of monotremes only 166 million years ago. Therefore, the therian X and Y are more than 145 million years younger than previously thought.
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