ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2008
Individual and societal effects of mental disorders on earnings in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Contextual determinants associated with children's and adolescents' mental health care utilization: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review of healthcare costs related to mental health conditions among cancer survivors.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research · 2018Pooled it
- Does GP training in depression care affect patient outcome? - A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2012Pooled it
- Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychological and Pharmacological Treatment for Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Insights From Both Case Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of a Transdiagnostic Self-Help Internet Intervention for Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Trial
- Measuring Quality of Care in Community Mental Health: Validation of Concordant Clinician and Client Quality-of-Care Scales.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of hyperthermic baths on depression, sleep and heart rate variability in patients with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical pilot trial.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2017Trial
- Toward the early recognition of psychosis among Spanish-speaking adults on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.Psychological services · 2014Trial
- Telemedicine: a cost-reducing means of delivering psychotherapy to rural combat veterans with PTSD.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2013Trial
- Multidimensional moderators of treatment trajectories in people with schizophrenia at high risk of relapse: findings from a real-world lower middle-income country cohort.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation, Mood and Distressing Dreams Using Daily Sleep Diary Reports in Trauma Survivors.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Mental Health Treatment of Individuals Seeking Holy Water Treatment in Ethiopia.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Everybody @ease - reaching Out To Vulnerable Subgroups of Young People with Mental Health Problems in the Netherlands: an Adaptation of the Standard @ease Working Method.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation as a Potential Intervention for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) Based Prediction of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Using Machine Learning.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Predicting the onset of internalizing disorders in early adolescence using deep learning optimized with AI.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mental Health and Mobile Communication Profiles of Crowdsourced Participants.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2024Article
- Early-life risk factors for depression among young adults in the United States general population: Attributable risks and gender differences.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this report was to update previous estimates of the association between mental disorders and earnings. Current estimates for 2002 are based on data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).
methodThe NCS-R is a nationally representative survey of the U.S. household population that was administered from 2001 to 2003. Following the same basic approach as prior studies, with some modifications to improve model fitting, the authors predicted personal earnings in the 12 months before interview from information about 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV mental disorders among respondents ages 18-64, controlling for sociodemographic variables and substance use disorders. The authors used conventional demographic rate standardization methods to distinguish predictive effects of mental disorders on amount earned by persons with earnings from predictive effects on probability of having any earnings.
resultsA DSM-IV serious mental illness in the preceding 12 months significantly predicted reduced earnings. Other 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV/CIDI mental disorders did not. Respondents with serious mental illness had 12-month earnings averaging $16,306 less than other respondents with the same values for control variables ($26,435 among men, $9,302 among women), for a societal-level total of $193.2 billion. Of this total, 75.4% was due to reduced earnings among mentally ill persons with any earnings (79.6% men, 69.6% women). The remaining 24.6% was due to reduced probability of having any earnings.
conclusionsThese results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders are associated with substantial societal-level impairments that should be taken into consideration when making decisions about the allocation of treatment and research resources.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.