ReviewSleep2008
Pontine reticular formation (PnO) administration of hypocretin-1 increases PnO GABA levels and wakefulness.
Review in Sleep, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- GABA neurons in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus suppress wakefulness in healthy and narcoleptic mice.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Consciousness loss during epileptogenesis: implication for VLPO-PnO circuits.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2017Review
- Brainstem stimulation increases functional connectivity of basal forebrain-paralimbic network in isoflurane-anesthetized rats.Brain connectivity · 2014Article
- GABAergic transmission in rat pontine reticular formation regulates the induction phase of anesthesia and modulates hyperalgesia caused by sleep deprivation.The European journal of neuroscience · 2014Article
- Benzodiazepine site agonists differentially alter acetylcholine release in rat amygdala.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2014Article
- The hypocretins (orexins) mediate the "phasic" components of REM sleep: A new hypothesis.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2014Article
- Brainstem stimulation augments information integration in the cerebral cortex of desflurane-anesthetized rats.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2014Article
- Sleep and Anesthesia Interactions: A Pharmacological Appraisal.Current anesthesiology reports · 2013Article
- Article
- Hypocretinergic and non-hypocretinergic projections from the hypothalamus to the REM sleep executive area of the pons.Brain research · 2013Article
- GABA-to-ACh ratio in basal forebrain and cerebral cortex varies significantly during sleep.Sleep · 2012Article
- Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness: 2012 Update.Sleep medicine clinics · 2012Article
- Control of sleep and wakefulness.Physiological reviews · 2012Review
- Buprenorphine disrupts sleep and decreases adenosine concentrations in sleep-regulating brain regions of Sprague Dawley rat.Anesthesiology · 2011Article
- Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat pontine reticular formation.Journal of neurochemistry · 2011Article
- Endogenous GABA levels in the pontine reticular formation are greater during wakefulness than during rapid eye movement sleep.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2011Article
- Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness.Sleep medicine clinics · 2010Article
- Disrupted sleep and delayed recovery from chronic peripheral neuropathy are distinct phenotypes in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.Anesthesiology · 2010Article
- Hypocretin and GABA interact in the pontine reticular formation to increase wakefulness.Sleep · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesGABAergic transmission in the oral part of the pontine reticular formation (PnO) increases wakefulness. The hypothalamic peptide hypocretin-1 (orexin A) promotes wakefulness, and the PnO receives hypocretinergic input. The present study tested the hypothesis that PnO administration of hypocretin-1 increases PnO GABA levels and increases wakefulness. This study also tested the hypothesis that wakefulness is either increased or decreased, respectively, by PnO administration of drugs known to selectively increase or decrease GABA levels.
designAwithin-subjects design was used for microdialysis and microinjection experiments.
settingUniversity of Michigan. PATIENTS OR
participantsExperiments were performed using adult male Crl:CD (SD)IGS BR (Sprague-Dawley) rats (n=46).
interventionsPnO administration of hypocretin-1, nipecotic acid (a GABA uptake inhibitor that increases extracellular GABA levels), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (a GABA synthesis inhibitor that decreases extracellular GABA levels; 3-MPA), and Ringer solution (vehicle control). MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsDialysis administration of hypocretin-1 to the PnO caused a statistically significant, concentration-dependent increase in PnO GABA levels. PnO microinjection of hypocretin-1 or nipecotic acid caused a significant increase in wakefulness and a significant decrease in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep. Microinjecting 3-MPA into the PnO caused a significant increase in NREM sleep and REM sleep and a significant decrease in wakefulness.
conclusionsAn increase or a decrease in PnO GABA levels causes an increase or decrease, respectively, in wakefulness. Hypocretin-1 may promote wakefulness, at least in part, by increasing GABAergic transmission in the PnO.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.