ArticleCancer science2008
Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 by a novel preparation of cell wall skeleton from Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo (SMP-105) sufficiently enhances immune responses against tumors.
Article in Cancer science, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy of ovarian cancer with cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: effect of lymphadenectomy.Cancer science · 2009Trial
- Exploring the Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors as Immunostimulatory Molecules.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- The Adjuvant Activity of BCG Cell Wall Cytoskeleton on a Dengue Virus-2 Subunit Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Therapeutic applications of toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists in AML.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Review
- Effects of Mycobacterium bovis Calmette et Guérin (BCG) in oncotherapy: Bladder cancer and beyond.Vaccine · 2021Review
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Mediated Inflammation in Pancreatic Cancer Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Toll-Like Receptor-Based Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
- Receptor targeting drug delivery strategies and prospects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Review
- Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.International immunopharmacology · 2018Review
- An efficient and scalable synthesis of potent TLR2 agonistic PAMRSC advances · 2018Article
- Article
- Use of adjuvants for immunotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Article
- Toll-like receptors: the swiss army knife of immunity and vaccine development.Clinical & translational immunology · 2016Review
- Adjuvant for vaccine immunotherapy of cancer--focusing on Toll-like receptor 2 and 3 agonists for safely enhancing antitumor immunity.Cancer science · 2015Review
- Bacille Calmette-Guerin can induce cellular apoptosis of urothelial cancer directly through toll-like receptor 7 activation.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2015Article
- Empty liposomes induce antitumoral effects associated with macrophage responses distinct from those of the TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK 4 (BLP).Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2013Article
- Toll-like receptors in urothelial cells--targets for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Urology · 2013Review
- Novel toll-like receptor 2 ligands for targeted pancreatic cancer imaging and immunotherapy.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been investigated as an immunopotentiating adjuvant for immuno-therapy of malignant tumors via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. However, due to its high molecular weight, highly complicated lipoglycan structure, and complicated purification and isolation procedure, its exact structure-activity relationship has not been well established. We have newly isolated the cell wall skeleton from M. bovis BCG Tokyo (SMP-105) and examined the binding of SMP-105 with TLR. It was revealed that highly purified SMP-105 activates the nuclear factor-kB promoter in a TLR2-dependent manner, not a TLR4-dependent manner, using a reporter gene assay system. Peritoneal exudated cells of TLR2 and MyD88 knockout mice severely reduced the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the presence of SMP-105, whereas cells from TLR4 knockout mice produced similar levels of cytokines to wild-type mice. Dendritic cells and macrophages accumulated in the draining lymph nodes of treated mice. When mice were administered both SMP-105 and mitomycin C-inactivated Lewis lung carcinoma cells simultaneously, interferon-gamma-producing cells reacting to the tumor were increased distinctly in draining lymph nodes. When C57BL/6 mice, into which splenocytes from OT-I transgenic mice had been transferred, were administered with both SMP-105 and E.G7-OVA, OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) increased markedly. Mice treated with SMP-105 and inactivated Lewis lung carcinoma cells suppressed the growth of implanted tumors. These results suggest that the activation of TLR2 by SMP-105 sufficiently enhanced immune responses, such as the number of interferon-gamma-producing cells and CTL, and prevented the growth of tumors without the contribution of TLR4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.