ArticleGlia2008
A novel method to establish microglia-free astrocyte cultures: comparison of matrix metalloproteinase expression profiles in pure cultures of astrocytes and microglia.
Article in Glia, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Immune Activation Leads to Lasting Sex-Specific Changes in Behavior and Hippocampal Morphological and Molecular Features in 12-Month-Old Rat Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Potential Use of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Link Between Matrix Metalloproteinases and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Evaluating Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Primary Mouse Glial Cultures Using Gel Zymography.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- IDH1 mutation inhibits differentiation of astrocytes and glioma cells with low oxoglutarate dehydrogenase expression by disturbing α-ketoglutarate-related metabolism and epigenetic modification.Life metabolism · 2024Article
- Resistance to Degradation of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Exposed to Neuroinflammatory Environments.Polymers · 2023Article
- Review
- Effects of primary microglia and astrocytes on neural stem cells inNeural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Review of Design Considerations for Brain-on-a-Chip Models.Micromachines · 2021Review
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- Astrocyte Support for Oligodendrocyte Differentiation can be Conveyed via Extracellular Vesicles but Diminishes with Age.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Activated Protein C Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Progression by Enhancing Vascular Integrity and Suppressing Microglial Activation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- The regulatory role of Toll-like receptors after ischemic stroke: neurosteroids as TLR modulators with the focus on TLR2/4.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Review
- Serum amyloid A primes microglia for ATP-dependent interleukin-1β release.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- RNA Nanotherapeutics for the Amelioration of Astroglial Reactivity.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2018Article
- Expression and Differential Responsiveness of Central Nervous System Glial Cell Populations to the Acute Phase Protein Serum Amyloid A.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- A Refined Bead-Free Method to Identify Astrocytic Exosomes in Primary Glial Cultures and Blood Plasma.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2017Article
- Pharmacological Tools to Activate Microglia and their Possible use to Study Neural Network Patho-physiology.Current neuropharmacology · 2017Review
- Astrocytic CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Delta Contributes to Glial Scar Formation and Impairs Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteolytic activity contributes to the pathogenesis of many neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions in the CNS. To fully understand this process, it is important to define the MMP expression profile of specific cell types, including the CNS-resident cells astrocytes and microglia. While previous studies have characterized astrocyte MMP expression by using mixed glial cultures, these results are likely complicated by the presence of contaminating microglia within these cultures. In the current study, we sought to clarify this complexity, by taking a novel approach to prepare pure astrocyte cultures entirely devoid of microglia, by promoting neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation into astrocytes. The MMP expression profile of mixed glial cultures, neurosphere-derived astrocytes, and pure microglia was characterized by RNase protection assay. This revealed that MMP gene expression is largely cell-type specific. Astrocytes constitutively expressed MMP-11, MMP-14, and MMP-2 and showed induction of MMP-3 in response to IL-1beta but did not respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, microglia constitutively expressed high levels of MMP-12 and showed strong induction of MMP-9 and MMP-14 in response to LPS. Gelatin zymography confirmed that LPS and TNF-alpha induced strong expression of MMP-9 in microglia but not astrocytes. In summary, these studies demonstrate that neurosphere-derived astrocytes represent an attractive alternative system in which to study astrocyte behavior in vitro. Using this system, we have shown that astrocytes and microglia express distinct sets of MMP genes and that microglia, not astrocytes, are the major source of MMP-9 in response to LPS or TNF-alpha.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.