ArticleThe Review of scientific instruments2008
Magnetic microposts for mechanical stimulation of biological cells: fabrication, characterization, and analysis.
Article in The Review of scientific instruments, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanotransduction of Magnetically Applied Forces Leads to Mechanical Stiffening of Platelet-Rich Plugs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Micropillars in Cell Mechanobiology: Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Biosensing Applications.Small science · 2025Review
- Microscopic artificial cilia - a review.Lab on a chip · 2022Review
- Measuring Cytoskeletal Mechanical Fluctuations and Rheology with Active Micropost Arrays.Current protocols · 2022Article
- Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Revisiting tissue tensegrity: Biomaterial-based approaches to measure forces across length scales.APL bioengineering · 2021Review
- Probing T Cell 3D Mechanosensing With Magnetically-Actuated Structures.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Force-dependent trans-endocytosis by breast cancer cells depletes costimulatory receptor CD80 and attenuates T cell activation.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2020Article
- (De)form and Function: Measuring Cellular Forces with Deformable Materials and Deformable Structures.Advanced healthcare materials · 2020Review
- Cellogram: On-the-Fly Traction Force Microscopy.Nano letters · 2019Article
- Dissecting fat-tailed fluctuations in the cytoskeleton with active micropost arrays.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Hang on tight: reprogramming the cell with microstructural cues.Biomedical microdevices · 2019Review
- An Electromagnetically Actuated Double-Sided Cell-Stretching Device for Mechanobiology Research.Micromachines · 2017Article
- Spatial and temporal coordination of traction forces in one-dimensional cell migration.Cell adhesion & migration · 2016Article
- Review of cellular mechanotransduction on micropost substrates.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2016Review
- Protrusive and Contractile Forces of Spreading Human Neutrophils.Biophysical journal · 2015Article
- Mechanotransduction in intervertebral discs.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2014Review
- Cytoskeletal Mechanics Regulating Amoeboid Cell Locomotion.Applied mechanics reviews · 2014Article
- Engineering microscale topographies to control the cell-substrate interface.Biomaterials · 2012Review
- Probing cellular traction forces with magnetic nanowires and microfabricated force sensor arrays.Nanotechnology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cells use force as a mechanical signal to sense and respond to their microenvironment. Understanding how mechanical forces affect living cells requires the development of tool sets that can apply nanoscale forces and also measure cellular traction forces. However, there has been a lack of techniques that integrate actuation and sensing components to study force as a mechanical signal. Here, we describe a system that uses an array of elastomeric microposts to apply external forces to cells through cobalt nanowires embedded inside the microposts. We first biochemically treat the posts' surfaces to restrict cell adhesion to the posts' tips. Then by applying a uniform magnetic field (B<0.3 T), we induce magnetic torque on the nanowires that is transmitted to a cell's adhesion site as an external force. We have achieved external forces of up to 45 nN, which is in the upper range of current nanoscale force-probing techniques. Nonmagnetic microposts, similarly prepared but without nanowires, surround the magnetic microposts and are used to measure the traction forces and changes in cell mechanics. We record the magnitude and direction of the external force and the traction forces by optically measuring the deflection of the microposts, which linearly deflect as cantilever springs. With this approach, we can measure traction forces before and after force stimulation in order to monitor cellular response to forces. We present the fabrication methods, magnetic force characterization, and image analysis techniques used to achieve the measurements.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.