Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18446474›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2008

Design and evaluation of microemulsions for improved parenteral delivery of propofol.

Abhijit A Date, Mangal S Nagarsenker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  2. ADMET & DMPK · 2024
    Article
  3. Delineating a potent antiviral activity ofJournal of drug delivery science and technology · 2021
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Abhijit A DateDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E.), Mumbai 400098, India.
Mangal S Nagarsenker

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the potential of the microemulsions to improve the parenteral delivery of propofol. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were plotted to identify microemulsification region of propofol. The propofol microemulsions were evaluated for globule size, physical and chemical stability, osmolarity, in vitro hemolysis, pain caused by injection using rat paw-lick test and in vivo anesthetic activity. The microemulsions exhibited globule size less than 25 nm and demonstrated good physical and chemical stability. Propofol microemulsions were slightly hypertonic and resulted in less than 1% hemolysis after 2 h of storage with human blood at 37 degrees C. Rat paw-lick test indicated that propofol microemulsions were significantly less painful as compared to the marketed propofol formulation. The anesthetic activity of the microemulsions was similar to the marketed propofol formulation indicating that they do not compromise the pharmacological action of propofol. The stability studies indicated that the microemulsions were stable for 3 months when stored at 5 +/- 3 degrees C. Thus, microemulsions appeared to be an interesting alternative to the current propofol formulations.

Indexed as

AnimalsDiffusionDrug CarriersDrug CompoundingDrug DesignDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalEmulsionsInfusions, ParenteralMaterials TestingPainPropofolRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyDrug CarriersEmulsionsPropofol

Identifiers

PMID18446474
PMCPMC2976909

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.