ArticleImmunology2008
Identification of two subpopulations of purified human blood B cells, CD27- CD23+ and CD27high CD80+, that strongly express cell surface Toll-like receptor 9 and secrete high levels of interleukin-6.
Article in Immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Study of Memory B Cells and Major Depressive Disorder.Current medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Response to Commentary: Memory B Cells in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Mechanistic and Clinical Refinement.Current medical science · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticles as adjuvant of norovirus VLP vaccine augment cellular and humoral immune responses in a TLR9- and type I IFN-dependent pathway.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- CpG ODN as an adjuvant arouses the vigor of B cells by relieving the negative regulation of surface TLR9 to enhance the antibody response to vaccine.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Memory B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Players in Disease Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Expression of Toll-like receptor -7 and -9 in B cell subsets from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.PloS one · 2015Article
- The CD27Immunology · 2014Article
- Revisiting the B-cell compartment in mouse and humans: more than one B-cell subset exists in the marginal zone and beyond.BMC immunology · 2012Review
- Regulation of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors.Immunology · 2012Review
- B cell depletion therapy ameliorates autoimmune disease through ablation of IL-6-producing B cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2012Article
- Complexes between nuclear factor-κB p65 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 are key actors in inducing activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and immunoglobulin A production in CD40L plus interleukin-10-treated human blood B cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2011Article
- Challenges in the pursuit of immune tolerance.Immunological reviews · 2011Review
- TLR1/2, TLR7, and TLR9 signals directly activate human peripheral blood naive and memory B cell subsets to produce cytokines, chemokines, and hematopoietic growth factors.Journal of clinical immunology · 2011Article
- Article
- B cell activation by outer membrane vesicles--a novel virulence mechanism.PLoS pathogens · 2010Article
- Differential expression of Toll-like receptors on human alveolar macrophages and autologous peripheral monocytes.Respiratory research · 2010Article
- Toll-like receptors--sentries in the B-cell response.Immunology · 2009Review
- Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 defects in common variable immunodeficiency.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2009Article
- New insights into the regulation of human B-cell differentiation.Trends in immunology · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B-cell expression of certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is important in linking innate and adaptive immune responses in normal and pathological conditions. The expression of TLR9 plays a role in the recognition of conserved pathogen motifs in a manner that is dependent on B-cell localization, deduced from B-cell phenotype. The nature of TLR9 function is unclear. A first step in unravelling the function of this pattern recognition receptor is to discover the precise nature of the cell types that express TLR9. This study used three-colour flow cytometry to characterize the B lymphocytes from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that express TLR9 on the surface. We sorted TLR9-positive B and non-B cells from the PBMC population and detected TLR9 expression on naïve and memory B cells. Moreover, we identified two discrete subpopulations of B cells: CD19(+) CD27(-) CD23(+) cells and CD19(+) CD27(high) CD80(+) cells. These subpopulations expressed high levels of membrane TLR9 and exhibited a strong in vitro response to binding a relevant CpG motif by secreting high levels of interleukin-6 (compared to controls). Our finding that this pattern recognition receptor is expressed on a variety of cell subsets adds to the current understanding of the functional complexity of B-cell membrane TLR9.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.