ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2008
Use of throat swab or saliva specimens for detection of respiratory viruses in children.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of detection rate of 16 sampling methods for respiratory viruses: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of clinical data and systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of Respiratory Specimen Collection Methods for Detection of Influenza Virus Infection by Reverse Transcription-PCR: a Literature Review.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Seasonal influenza in adults and children--diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2009Guideline
- A novel anterior nasal swab to detect respiratory viruses: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.BMC pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Validation of Dried Saliva for Molecular Diagnostics.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- Point-of-need one-pot multiplexed RT-LAMP test for detecting three common respiratory viruses in saliva.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Seizures in Children with Influenza during the 2022-2023 Winter Season, a Case Series.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- A one-step low-cost molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 detection suitable for community testing using minimally processed saliva.Biology methods & protocols · 2024Article
- Comparison of "hock-a-loogie" saliva versus nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detecting common respiratory pathogens.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The potential of saliva as an accessible and sensitive sample type for the detection of respiratory pathogens and host immunity.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Review
- Comparison between Nasopharyngeal and Saliva Samples for the Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Children with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Pilot Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Rapid Antigen Tests during the COVID-19 Era in Korea and Their Implementation as a Detection Tool for Other Infectious Diseases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Matrix Effect in the RT-PCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Saliva without RNA Extraction.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evaluation of saliva self-collection devices for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Advances in the Rapid Diagnostic of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Feasibility and acceptability of saliva-based testing for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection in prison.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy of Saliva Sampling Methods for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reveals Differential Sensitivity and Association with Viral Load.The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD · 2021Article
- Use of Saliva Swab for Detection of Influenza Virus in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection.Journal of oral microbiology · 2021Review
- Paediatrics: how to manage pharyngitis in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.Drugs in context · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNasopharyngeal (NP) specimens are commonly used for the detection of respiratory viruses, but throat and saliva specimens are easier to obtain. The objective of this study was to compare the viral yield of direct fluorescent antigen detection of NP specimens and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) of direct fluorescent antigen-negative NP specimens with the viral yield of NAT of throat swab and saliva specimens.
methodsNP, throat swab, and saliva specimens were obtained from children and adolescents aged </=17 years. Direct fluorescent antigen testing of the NP specimen for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and B viruses, and parainfluenza virus was performed. If no virus was detected, NAT was performed for these 4 viruses, adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus. If a virus was detected by either method, NAT for the same virus was performed for the corresponding throat swab and saliva specimens.
resultsA virus was detected in 105 of the 137 NP specimens. The same virus was detectable by NAT in 87 (83%) of 105 throat swab specimens and 77 (74%) of 104 saliva specimens. The likelihood of viral detection among throat swab and saliva swab specimens was higher when the NP specimen tested positive by direct fluorescent antigen testing, compared with NAT alone, and when the specimens were obtained within 3 days after symptom onset, compared with later in the illness.
conclusionsThroat swab and saliva specimens are inferior to NP specimens for the detection of respiratory viruses but might be acceptable for screening in a setting where it is impractical to obtain an NP specimen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.