ArticleJournal of bacteriology2008
Signal pathway in salt-activated expression of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type III secretion system in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deciphering the role of SsaE in biofilm regulation and T3SS-dependent virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- The efflux pump SugE2 involved in protection of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- against quaternary ammonium salts and inhibition of virulence.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- How Bacterial Pathogens Coordinate Appetite with Virulence.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Biting the hand that feeds: Metabolic determinants of cell fate during infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Endoribonuclease-mediated control of hns mRNA stability constitutes a key regulatory pathway for Salmonella Typhimurium pathogenicity island 1 expression.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Novel Noncompetitive Type Three Secretion System ATPase Inhibitors Shut DownBiochemistry · 2020Article
- CRP-cAMP mediates silencing of Salmonella virulence at the post-transcriptional level.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Functional Analysis of a Putative Type III Secretion System in Stress Adaption byFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Biochanin a Enhances the Defense AgainstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Antibacterial activity and effects of Colla corii asini on Salmonella typhimurium invasion in vitro and in vivo.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2017Article
- Signal transduction pathway mediated by the novel regulator LoiA for low oxygen tension induced Salmonella Typhimurium invasion.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Review
- The Structure and Function of Type III Secretion Systems.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Identification of the Key Sequence in the FliK C-Terminal Domain for Substrate Specificity Switching in the Flagellar Protein Secretion.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Article
- A common assembly module in injectisome and flagellar type III secretion sorting platforms.Nature communications · 2015Article
- Article
- The flagellar soluble protein FliK determines the minimal length of the hook in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- Article
- Understanding the sequential activation of Type III and Type VI Secretion Systems in Salmonella typhimurium using Boolean modeling.Gut pathogens · 2013Article
- Length control of the flagellar hook in a temperature-sensitive flgE mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium secretes virulence factors for invasion called Sip proteins or Sips into its hosts through a type III secretion system (T3SS). In the absence of a host, S. enterica induces Sip secretion in response to sucrose or simple salts, such as NaCl. We analyzed induction of host-independent Sip secretion by monitoring protein secretion by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), assembly of needle complexes by electron microscopy, and transcription of virulence regulatory genes by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (real-time PCR). SDS-PAGE showed that addition of sucrose or simple salts, such as NaCl, to the growth medium induced Sip secretion without altering flagellar protein secretion, which requires a distinct T3SS. Electron microscopy confirmed that the amount of secreted Sips increased as the number of assembled needle complexes increased. Real-time PCR revealed that added sucrose or NaCl enhanced transcription of hilA, hilC, and hilD, which encode known regulators of Salmonella virulence. However, epistasis analysis implicated HilD and HilA, but not HilC, in the direct pathway from the salt stimulus to the Sip secretion response. Further analyses showed that the BarA/SirA two-component signal transduction pathway, but not the two-component sensor kinase EnvZ, directly activated hilD and hilA transcription and thus Sip secretion in response to either sucrose or NaCl. Finally, real-time PCR showed that salt does not influence transcription of the BarA/SirA-dependent csrB and csrC genes. A model is proposed for the major pathway in which sucrose or salt signals to enhance virulence gene expression.
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