ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2009
Anatomical abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia: bridging the gap between neuroimaging and neuropathology.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural Activity Alterations and Their Association With Neurotransmitter and Genetic Profiles in Schizophrenia: Evidence From Clinical Patients and Unaffected Relatives.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Altered brain functional networks in schizophrenia with persistent negative symptoms: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Is Reduced in Schizophrenia and Moderated by Measurement Quality: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Neural correlates of emotional processing in psychosis risk and onset - A systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.Psychological medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Synapse Pathology in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Postsynaptic Elements in Postmortem Brain Studies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Synaptic loss in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of synaptic protein and mRNA measures.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Progressive loss of cortical gray matter in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal MRI studies.Translational psychiatry · 2012Pooled it
- Neuroanatomical maps of psychosis onset: voxel-wise meta-analysis of antipsychotic-naive VBM studies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2012Pooled it
- Neural substrates underlying delusions in schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- The selective impairment of resting-state functional connectivity of the lateral subregion of the frontal pole in schizophrenia.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Article
- Comprehensive Assessment of Druggable Targets in Cortical Neurons Reveals Biological Limits of Cell Type-Specific Neuropharmacology.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Structural alteration of neurons in schizophrenia and its relation with auditory hallucination.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Mapping Genetic Associations With Functional Brain Area Alterations in Schizophrenia and Implications for Cortical Development.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging and Emotional Development in the Pediatric Population: Understanding the Link Between the Brain, Emotions, and Behavior.Pediatric reports · 2025Review
- Small Nucleolar RNAs and the Brain: Growing Evidence Supporting Their Role in Psychiatric Disorders.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Review
- Combining transcranial direct current stimulation with music therapy improves cognitive function in schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prefrontal cortical circuits in social behaviors: an overview.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the Glymphatic System in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measurement of Brain Macromolecule and Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space Index.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a functionally heterogeneous region involved in diverse cognitive and emotional processes that support goal-directed behaviour. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropathological findings over the past two decades have converged to suggest abnormalities in the region may represent a neurobiological basis for many of the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. However, while each approach offers complimentary information that can provide clues regarding underlying patholophysiological processes, the findings from these 2 fields are seldom integrated. In this article, we review structural neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of the ACC, focusing on the unique information they provide. The available imaging data suggest grey matter reductions in the ACC precede psychosis onset in some categories of high-risk individuals, show sub-regional specificity, and may progress with illness duration. The available post-mortem findings indicate these imaging-related changes are accompanied by reductions in neuronal, synaptic, and dendritic density, as well as increased afferent input, suggesting the grey matter differences observed with MRI arise from alterations in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissue compartments. We discuss the potential mechanisms that might facilitate integration of these findings and consider strategies for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.