Trial reportBMC pediatrics2008
Kangaroo mother care diminishes pain from heel lance in very preterm neonates: a crossover trial.
Trial report in BMC pediatrics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Maternal Analgesia for Procedural Pain in Preterm Neonates: Does It Remain Efficacious?
The Effect of Using Crochet Octopus in Reducing The Pain Developed During The Process of Heel Lance İn Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis of the physical and mental health benefits of touch interventions.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Kangaroo Mother Care and Neonatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis.Pediatrics · 2016Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of skin-to-skin contact on acute procedural pain in newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Jornal de pediatriaPooled it
- The Effect of Auricular Massage on Naso-Oral Suctioning Procedural Pain in Premature Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Trial
- Blinded randomized crossover trial: Skin-to-skin care vs. sucrose for preterm neonatal pain.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Trial
- The minimally effective dose of sucrose for procedural pain relief in neonates: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Effect of the kangaroo position on the electromyographic activity of preterm children: a follow-up study.BMC pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Does daily kangaroo care provide sustained pain and stress relief in preterm infants?Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2013Trial
- Kangaroo Mother Care in reducing pain in preterm neonates on heel prick.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Effects of daily kangaroo care on cardiorespiratory parameters in preterm infants.Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2013Trial
- Co-bedding as a Comfort measure For Twins undergoing painful procedures (CComForT Trial).BMC pediatrics · 2009Trial
- Kangaroo Care modifies preterm infant heart rate variability in response to heel stick pain: pilot study.Early human development · 2009Trial
- Enhanced kangaroo mother care for heel lance in preterm neonates: a crossover trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2009Trial
- Influence of skin to skin contact on cardiac indices and cerebral perfusion-oxygenation in severely asphyxiated infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Oxytocin Modulation of Spinal Circuits Drives Therapeutic Benefits of Massage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on pain in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSkin-to-skin contact, or kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been shown to be efficacious in diminishing pain response to heel lance in full term and moderately preterm neonates. The purpose of this study was to determine if KMC would also be efficacious in very preterm neonates.
methodsPreterm neonates (n = 61) between 28 0/7 and 31 6/7 weeks gestational age in three Level III NICU's in Canada comprised the sample. A single-blind randomized crossover design was employed. In the experimental condition, the infant was held in KMC for 15 minutes prior to and throughout heel lance procedure. In the control condition, the infant was in prone position swaddled in a blanket in the incubator. The primary outcome was the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), which is comprised of three facial actions, maximum heart rate, minimum oxygen saturation levels from baseline in 30-second blocks from heel lance. The secondary outcome was time to recover, defined as heart rate return to baseline. Continuous video, heart rate and oxygen saturation monitoring were recorded with event markers during the procedure and were subsequently analyzed. Repeated measures analysis-of-variance was employed to generate results.
resultsPIPP scores at 90 seconds post lance were significantly lower in the KMC condition (8.871 (95%CI 7.852-9.889) versus 10.677 (95%CI 9.563-11.792) p < .001) and non-significant mean differences ranging from 1.2 to1.8. favoring KMC condition at 30, 60 and 120 seconds. Time to recovery was significantly shorter, by a minute(123 seconds (95%CI 103-142) versus 193 seconds (95%CI 158-227). Facial actions were highly significantly lower across all points in time reaching a two-fold difference by 120 seconds post-lance and heart rate was significantly lower across the first 90 seconds in the KMC condition.
conclusionVery preterm neonates appear to have endogenous mechanisms elicited through skin-to-skin maternal contact that decrease pain response, but not as powerfully as in older preterm neonates. The shorter recovery time in KMC is clinically important in helping maintain homeostasis.
trial registration(Current Controlled Trials) ISRCTN63551708.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.