ArticleExperimental neurology2008
Axotomy or compression is required for axonal sprouting following end-to-side neurorrhaphy.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motor Nerve Transfers in Complete and Incomplete Brachial Plexus Injuries: A State-of-the-Art Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Optimizing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Surgical Techniques, Biomolecular and Regenerative Strategies-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- End-to-Side vs. Free Graft Nerve Reconstruction-Experimental Study on Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Molecular Basis of Surgical Coaptation Techniques in Peripheral Nerve Injuries.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Sensory Neurotization of the Ulnar Nerve, Surgical Techniques and Functional Outcomes: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Roles of preoperative and early postoperative electrodiagnosis in brachial plexus injury patients undergoing nerve transfer operations: retrospective feasibility study.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Observational
- Article
- Cross-Palm Nerve Grafts to Enhance Sensory Recovery in Severe Ulnar Neuropathy.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Assessment of axonal sprouting and motor performance after hypoglossal-facial end-to-side nerve repair: experimental study in rats.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- Article
- Effect of Axonal Trauma on Nerve Regeneration in Side-to-side Neurorrhaphy: An Experimental Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2016Article
- Comparison of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with Side-to-side, End-to-side, and End-to-end Repairs: An Experimental Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2016Article
- End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy as Schwann Cells Provider to Acellular Nerve Allograft and Its Suitable Application.PloS one · 2016Article
- Neural circuit analysis of axons regenerated by facial-hypoglossal nerve cross-link surgery.Regenerative therapy · 2015Article
- Alternatives to sural nerve grafts in the upper extremity.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Article
- Nerve cross-bridging to enhance nerve regeneration in a rat model of delayed nerve repair.PloS one · 2015Article
- Hand reanimation.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2014Article
- Supercharge nerve transfer to enhance motor recovery: a laboratory study.The Journal of hand surgery · 2013Article
- Influence of breaching the connective sheaths of the donor nerve on its myelinated sensory axons and on their sprouting into the end-to-side coapted nerve in the rat.Journal of neurotrauma · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
End-to-side (ETS) nerve repair remains an area of intense scrutiny for peripheral nerve surgeon-scientists. In this technique, the transected end of an injured nerve, representing the "recipient" is sutured to the side of an uninjured "donor" nerve. Some works suggest that the recipient limb is repopulated with regenerating collateral axonal sprouts from the donor nerve that go on to form functional synapses. Significant, unresolved questions include whether the donor nerve needs to be injured to facilitate regeneration, and whether a single donor neuron is capable of projecting additional axons capable of differentially innervating disparate targets. We serially imaged living transgenic mice (n=66) expressing spectral variants of GFP in various neuronal subsets after undergoing previously described atraumatic, compressive, or epineurotomy forms of ETS repair (n=22 per group). To evaluate the source, and target innervation of these regenerating axons, nerve morphometry and retrograde labeling were further supplemented by confocal microscopy as well as Western blot analysis. Either compression or epineurotomy with inevitable axotomy were required to facilitate axonal regeneration into the recipient limb. Progressively more injurious models were associated with improved recipient nerve reinnervation (epineurotomy: 184+/-57.6 myelinated axons; compression: 78.9+/-13.8; atraumatic: 0), increased Schwann cell proliferation (epineurotomy: 72.2% increase; compression: 39% increase) and cAMP response-element binding protein expression at the expense of a net deficit in donor axon counts distal to the repair. These differences were manifest by 150 days, at which point quantitative evidence for pruning was obtained. We conclude that ETS repair relies upon injury to the donor nerve.
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